Normal Periodontium PDF

# Normal Periodontium ## Diagram The image shows a simplified diagram of a tooth anchored in the jawbone. The following components are labelled: - Coronal tooth - Gingiva - Root - Periodontal Ligament - Alveolar bone ## Definition It's the supporting apparatus of the tooth, which attaches the to...

# Normal Periodontium ## Diagram The image shows a simplified diagram of a tooth anchored in the jawbone. The following components are labelled: - Coronal tooth - Gingiva - Root - Periodontal Ligament - Alveolar bone ## Definition It's the supporting apparatus of the tooth, which attaches the tooth to the bone of the jaw. ## 4 Tissues 1. Gingiva 2. Periodontal Ligaments 3. Cementum 4. Alveolar Bone ## Gingiva That part of masticatory mucosa which covers the alveolar process and surrounds the cervical portion of the teeth. ### Three Parts - Free Gingiva - Attached Gingiva - Interdental Gingiva ### Free Gingiva - It forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus. - On insertion of a periodontal probe. ### Attached Gingiva - Extensions - Surface Texture - Width ### Interdental Gingiva - The most occlusally located part of the gingiva. - In the anterior region. - In the posterior region. ### Histology of Gingiva - **Central core of C.T covered by st. Squamous epi.** - Boundary: wavy appearance - **C.T Papilla** - **Rete Pegs** ### Gingival Epithelium 1. Oral Epithelium 2. Sulcular Epithelium 3. Junctional Epithelium #### A-Oral Epithelium: Consists of 4 layers: 1. Stratum Germinativum 2. Stratum Spinosum 3. Stratum Granulosum 4. Stratum Corneum ##### 1- Stratum Germinativum: - Cylindrical or cuboidal. - In contact with the basement membrane. - Has the ability to divide. - Equilibrium between renewal and desquamation. - Desmosomes and hemidesmosomes ##### Stratum Spinosum - Polyhedral Cells - Desmosomes ##### Stratum Granulosum - Keratohyline bodies and clusters of glycogen containing granules - Abrupt transition #### B-Sulcular Epithelium: - Thin, non-keratinized with rete pegs. - Extension - Wide intercellular spaces - Significance #### C-Junctional Epithelium: - Epithelium joined to the tooth. - Continuous renewal through cell division. - Hemidesmosmes - **Cells in gingival epithelium:** Non keratinocyte cells (clear cells). - **Langerhans cells:** defensive cells. - **Melanocyte cells:** synthesis melanin. - **Merkel cells:** tactile preceptors. ## Gingival Connective Tissue (lamina Propria) - **Fibers (collagen fibers) 60%** - **Fibroblasts 5%** - **Blood Vessels** - **Intercellular matrix:** - Glycoproteins - Proteoglycans ## Gingival Fibers: produced by fibroblasts 1. Collagen fibers 2. Reticulin fibers 3. Oxytalan fibers 4. Elastic fibers ### Collagen Fibers: Most essential component 1. Circular fibers 2. Dentogingival 3. Dentoperiosteal 4. Transseptal ## Gingival Connective Tissue: - Blood Supply - Lymphatic Drainage - Nerve Endings # To Summarize - **4 Tissue parts of periodontium** - Gingiva, PL, Cementum & Alveolar bone - **Gingiva** - Free, attached & interdental - **Histology of Gingiva** - Epithelium - Oral, sulcular & junctional - 4 layers - Connective Tissue - Collagen fibers # Thank you