General Survey, Measurement, Vital Signs PDF

2/4/24, 9:09 PM OneNote General Survey, Measurement, Vital signs and Pain assessment. Tuesday, January 16, 2024 8:36 AM Key Terms Homeostasis : internal equilibrium of the body state Body Mass Index: correlation between height and weight. Whether client is underweight, overweight or just right. Hype...

2/4/24, 9:09 PM OneNote General Survey, Measurement, Vital signs and Pain assessment. Tuesday, January 16, 2024 8:36 AM Key Terms Homeostasis : internal equilibrium of the body state Body Mass Index: correlation between height and weight. Whether client is underweight, overweight or just right. Hypertension : high blood pressure Hypotension : low Orthostatic hypotension: relates to gravity. When they stand they will get dizzy or lose consciousness. If there is a drop in blood pressure of 20mmHg or more, that's it. If the it. There is always an increase in heart rate, happens when blood pressure drop Tachycardia : high heart rate. Bradycardia: slow heart rate Tachypnea: elevated respiratory rate Bradypnea: low respiratory rate Hyperthermia: elevated temp Hypothermia: low temp Oxygen Saturation: SpO2 Components included in General survey The general survey is a study of the whole person, covering the general health state and any obvious physical characteristics. It is an introduction for the physical examinatio give an overall impression, a “gestalt,” of the patient. Physical Appearance : do they look their age, their grooming/hygiene, their body language Body Structure : posture, stature, etc. Objective assessment : ask using facial expression, describe what you see facially, hear and smell. Mobility : Gait, range of motion, etc. Behavior: facial expression, mood, etc. Measurement: Height, Weight/BMI, Waist-Hip Ratio Instruments used in assessment and general survey Otoscope(ears), stethoscope, ophthalmoscope(light), tongue depressors, barcode for identification, pen light for pupil size, hand sanitizer, gloves, tape rule. measurement components related to height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), & waist-to-hip ratio: Scale for baby and adult, height chart, tape measure( for babies, it is used when they can stand). BMI calculation A practical marker of optimal weight for height and an indicator of obesity or protein-calorie malnutrition. Nomogram is used to calculate BMI Formula: Weight (in kilograms) Height (in meters)2 BMI Calculations < 18.5 underweight 18.5-24.9 Expected ‘normal’ weight 25.0-29.9 Overweight 30.0-34.9 Obesity, Class 1 35-39.9 Obesity, Class 2 40 Extreme Obesity, Class 3 Children aged 2-19 : BMI is measured against weight percentiles 6 Vital Signs & The Tools used to Measure Vital signs: Crucial element to tell if patient are in homeostatic state or at risk. The 6 vital signs: Blood Pressure, Pulse, Respirations, Temperature, Oxygen Saturation, Pain. Essential tools : stethoscope, Sphygmomanometer, use of eyes and ears, handwashing, hand sanitizing, ppe, cleaning the work station and equipment, Pain reading scale, ox thermometer. Blood pressure Blood pressure: Measurement of Force of blood against blood vessels. Systole: contraction of the ventricles blood ejected and travels through arterial system Diastole: relaxation of the ventricles to allow for blood collection https://yuoffice-my.sharepoint.com/personal/ife20_yorku_ca/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc={bf93dbc4-cdec-494f-8064-58e33247d86a}&action=edi… 1/4