Organization Of The Cell PDF

Organization of the Cell Learning objectives To relate cell size and cell function To summarize cell theory To compare, contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells To compare, contrast light microscopy and electron microscopy Cell Organization and Size  Where does...

Organization of the Cell Learning objectives To relate cell size and cell function To summarize cell theory To compare, contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells To compare, contrast light microscopy and electron microscopy Cell Organization and Size  Where does new life come from? Which came first? Chicken or egg? https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/3-1-spontaneous-generation The Modern Cell Theory The cell represents the elementary unit of construction and function in living organisms. All cells come from the division of pre-existing cells. Energy flow – metabolism and biochemistry – happens within cells. Cells contain genetic information in the form of DNA passed on from cell to cell during division. In the organisms of similar species, all cells are fundamentally the same.  All living organisms consist of one or more cells. unicellular multicellular The living organism's activities depend upon the combined actions of individual, independent cells. ❑ Sizes of cell range between 1-100  m, in diameter. Not visible to naked eyes. ❑ Small size increases rate of diffusion: Greater surface area per volume ratio Easier movement of substances in and out of cell. Important for regulation of homeostasis process. ❑ Cell size is also correlated to proliferative capacity of various cell types in human and rat cells. (Ref. Material) ❑ All parts of cell should be close to the external environment. Biconcave Pass through blood capillaries and transport oxygen Elongated To conduct impulse between different parts of body Bean-shaped Long / Spindle-shaped To open or close the pores To pull or squeeze, contract and relax Cells are diverse, but arise from a single common, sharing similar features…  made up of organelles suspended in the gel-like cytosol, the cytoskeleton, and various chemicals contains glucose, polysaccharides, amino acids, nucleic acids, fatty acids, and derivatives of glycerol, mineral ions allows chemical reactions to take place Plasma membrane made up of a phospholipid bilayer separates the internal contents of the cell from its surrounding environment regulates the passage of some substances, such as organic molecules, ions, and water can be folded into fingerlike projections called microvilli, for absorption, especially in cells lining the small intestine Genetic material inherited genetic information from parents to offspring carries “code” to make proteins and control cellular activities DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) stores information in a cell RNA (RiboNucleic Acid) copies information from DNA, and translate it to synthesize protein Cell energy Required for reproduction and growth Plant cells – energy from sunlight Animal cells – energy from food Bacteria and protozoa – oxidation of organic compounds – phagocytosis Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells EUKARYOTIC True Nucleus PROKARYOTIC Before Nucleus Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic cells: The Differences D. O. R. A. The Differences between Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA The Differences – D. O. R. A. Naked Bound to histone inside nucleus Circular/coil Linear No introns Have introns One chromosome only Two or more chromosomes The Differences – D. O. R. A. Nucleoid not surrounded Membrane-bound nucleus and by membrane organelles Smaller ribosomes Larger ribosomes The Differences – D. O. R. A. Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Binary fission Mitosis and Meiosis The Differences – D. O. R. A. The Differences – Cell Wall Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell Anything in common? Am I prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Microscopy  Robert Hooke Designed the primitive microscope Viewed a thin piece of cork Described as monk’s quarter Coined the term CELL Types of Light Microscope Electron Microscope https://www.technologynetworks.com/analysis/articles/sem-vs-tem-331262 Magnification 40000 = 500 80  m 80000 = 500 160  21 = 0.007mm 3000 110000 = x440 250 75000 = 5 m 15000 40000 = x1600 25 Resolution Calculation of Magnification Power POWER Preparing a Wet Mount Slide Preparing a Wet Mount Slide End of Topic 3