1 Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person (2) (1) (1).pdf

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person Prepared by: JOCELYN T. LAXA, LPT, MAEd Core Subject Description: An initiation to the activity and process of philosophical reflection as a search for a synoptic vision of life. Topics...

DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY Introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person Prepared by: JOCELYN T. LAXA, LPT, MAEd Core Subject Description: An initiation to the activity and process of philosophical reflection as a search for a synoptic vision of life. Topics to be discussed include the human experiences of embodiment, being in the world with others and the environment, freedom, intersubjectivity, sociality, being unto death. Course objectives: At the end of the course, the student should be able to: 1. Reflect on their daily experiences from a holistic point of view 2. Acquire Critical and Analytical Thinking skills 3. Apply their critical and analytical thinking skills to the affairs of daily life 4. Become truthful, environment-friendly and service- oriented 5. Actively committed to the development of a more humane society 6. Articulate their own philosophy of life Let’s start What words or phrases come to your mind when you hear the word “philosophy”? philosophy  Philosophy philo sophia The data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy as a pyramid to manage knowledge. Reproduced with permission from Tedeschi (2019). Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind and language. It is the rational attempt to formulate, understand, and answer fundamental questions.  the first to call himself a philosopher. Pythago ras NOTE: He did not claim that he was wise, he was saying that he was a person who valued and cherished wisdom.  Before, wise men call themselves sages, which was interpreted to mean those who know. Pythagor as was more modest for he coined the word philosopher which he defined as one who is attempting to find out. Men (and women) of the world could be classified into three groups: 1. those who love pleasure; 2. those who love activity; and 3. those who love wisdom. Philosophy of famous individuals great works take time NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY 1. Philosophy is a set of views or beliefs about life and the universe 2. Philosophy is a process of reflecting on and criticizing our most deeply held conceptions and beliefs. 3. Philosophy is the rational attempt to look at the world as a whole.  NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY 4. Philosophy is the logical analysis of language and the clarification of the meaning of words and concepts. 5. Philosophy is a group of perennial problems that interest people and for which philosophers always have sought answers.  IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY 1. The study of Philosophy enables us to think carefully and clearly about important issues. IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY 2. In studying Philosophy, we learn to take a step back from our everyday thinking and to explore the deeper, bigger questions. IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY 3. The focus of the study of Philosophy is to learn not what to believe but how to think. IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHY 4. Studying Philosophy sharpens our analytical abilities, enabling us to identify and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses in any position. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY LOGIC METAPHYSICS EPISTEMOLOGY VALUE THEORY  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY 1. LOGIC is the process of making reasoned judgments or drawing valid conclusions from a set of facts. It allows us to think logically, reason our way through arguments, and make sound judgments in any situation  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY. In the real world, logic can be used to create better decision-making, build arguments, and solve complex problems.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY Logic is the discipline that aims to distinguish good reasoning from bad.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY The purpose of logic in philosophy is to test the validity of various logical methods in solving real-life problems. This application of logic helps philosophers make more nuanced determinations about right and wrong, sound reasoning, and truth.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY 2. METAPHYSICS originally meant first philosophy – discussion of the most universal principle, which later on came to mean comprehensive thinking about the nature of things and the study or theory of reality. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY Metaphysics is the study of reality and existence.  Metaphysics is a difficult branch of philosophy, but rather easy to define: it is the study of the most fundamental concepts and beliefs about them. Examples of metaphysical concepts are Being, Existence, Purpose, Universe, Property, Relation, Causality, Space, Time, event and many others  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY 3. EPISTEMOLOGY is the theory of knowledge; comes from the Greek word episteme, meaning knowledge. It is the branch of Philosophy that studies the sources, nature and validity of knowledge.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY The primary goal of epistemology is to find truth that frees us from falsehood. In other words, the main purpose of epistemology is to explore, to describe, and to define knowledge.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY EPISTEMOLOGY has three central questions: (1) “what are the sources of knowledge?”; (2) “what is the nature of knowledge?”; (3) “is our knowledge valid?”  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY There are two major schools of thoughts where most of the answers to these questions were traditionally placed: rationalism and empiricism.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY The rationalists hold that human reason alone can discover the basic principles of the universe while the empiricists claim that all knowledge is ultimately derived from sense experience and thus, our knowledge is limited to what can be experienced.  rationalism is the knowledge that is derived from reason and logic while on the empiricism is the knowledge that is derived from experience and experimentation. Rationalism is about intuition while empiricism is about visual concepts.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY 4. VALUE THEORY is the branch of Philosophy that studies values.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY ethics VALUE THEORY aesthetics social and political philosophy. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY VALUE THEORY ethics concerns itself with the questions on morality BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY VALUE THEORY ethics descriptive ethics normative ethics metaethics  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY descriptive ethics consider the conduct of individuals (personal morality); the conduct of groups (social morality) and the culture patterns.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY normative ethics “what ought to be”, where philosophers try to work out acceptable judgments regarding what ought to be in choice and value. metaethics  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY metaethics centered on the analysis and meaning of the terms and language used in ethical discourse and the kind of reasoning used to justify metaethics ethical statements.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY VALUE THEORY aesthetics concerns itself with the questions of art and beauty. The theory of art and beauty is considered to be part of the realm of values for many philosophical problems in Aesthetics involve critical judgments.  BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY VALUE THEORY social and political philosophy. investigates value judgments concerning society, the state, and the individual’s relations to these institutions. “The true philosopher is a man willing to listen to every suggestion, but determined to judge for himself. He should not be biased for appearances, have no favorite hypothesis, be of no school, and in doctrines have no master. Truth is his primary objective.” - Sir Michael Faraday  That concludes our introduction to the Philosophy of Human Person Thank you