Introduction To Metabolism PDF

Introduction to metabolism Pathways MetaboMAPS  Introduction To Metabolismm Definition: The set of chemical transformation that take place in the cell to obtain energy and occurs through a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions. Metabolism results in formation of many important prod...

Introduction to metabolism Pathways MetaboMAPS  Introduction To Metabolismm Definition: The set of chemical transformation that take place in the cell to obtain energy and occurs through a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions. Metabolism results in formation of many important products and metabolic intermediates. Functions: 1. Obtain chemical energy from energy rich nutrients. 2. Convert nutrient molecules to building block precursors. 3. Assemble building blocks to macromolecules for special function. Metabolism “Cambiamento” = is a highly coordinated process and purposeful activity of the cell  Highly coordinated and Integrated network Metabolic pathways is a linked series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell Metabolic intermediates Molecules which are the metabolites of biologically significant molecules = Metabolomics Science FullSubwayMap_V1023_Web (stanford.edu)  Metabolic pathways Metabolic pathways are promoted by sequential enzyme system. Some pathways are linear …..…. Glycolysis Some are cyclic ……….. Citric acid cycle Cytosol ………Glycolysis, PPP, Gluconeogenesis Mitochondria………Citric acid cycle, ETC Some between Matrix and cytosol …….Urea cycle Compartmentation of metabolic processes  Catabolism and Anabolism Catabolism: degradation phase in which organic neutrient are converted into smaller, simler end products. -Release energy conserved as ATP, NADH, FADHs Anabolism or biosynthesis: small, simple precursors are built up into larger and more complex molecules -Require an input of enrgy Comparison between Catabolic Vs Anabolic Pathways Converging pathways tend to meet at a point Diverging pathways going in different directions  Regulation of metabolic pathways Need of the cells Transcriptional regulation (Genes swith ON or OFF) Allosteric regulation Hormonal regulation Modification of enzymes activity (e.g., phosphorylation), or changing the activity of a pre-existing enzyme.  Primary vs Secondary metabolism A primary metabolite is directly involved in normal growth, development, and reproduction. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has an important ecological function. Examples include antibiotics and pigments such as resins and terpenes.  Identification of metabolic pathways In vitro cell culture In vivo animal models