Principles of Ethical Behavior in Modern Society PDF

Principles of Ethical Behavior in Modern Society (Ethics) MR. RENEE B. CAGAS INSTRUCTOR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9A4UHYeBcE What is Ethics & What is Morality? Philo -Notes Basic Principle...

Principles of Ethical Behavior in Modern Society (Ethics) MR. RENEE B. CAGAS INSTRUCTOR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9A4UHYeBcE What is Ethics & What is Morality? Philo -Notes Basic Principle What is Eth What isMorality? (Greek) “ethos”- custommanne (Latin) “mos” or “mor acting and or a customor practice behaving. moral qualities, virtuousconductor thought Focused on general principles,rul Praxis, theories on determiningwhat applicationofthoseprincipl wrong & (Fernandez, 2012) right. system of beliefs about what isright&wrong behavior. (Rubin, 2015) - deals with howa personrelateswithothersand with the world to promotewhatisgood.(Thiroux & Kraseman, 2009) - to act on the best reasons for doing-whilegiving equal weight to theinterestofeachindividual affected by one’s decision. (Rachels, 2015) 2 Division of Ethics  General Ethics Applied/Special Eth -deals with morality of thehuman -refers to the that mainly focuseson the basic applicationofthemoral principles concepts. standards& norms in various specificareasofhuman life and act Ethics is just an information but appliedethicsisaknowledge of ethics with implementation, whichteaches what is right and wrong. For example, when some one needs our help, weshouldbe a helping hand. This is knowledge of ethics. Butwhen we do help when someone needs ahelpisanapplied ethics. Ethics both theory &practice. -one has to know the theories or ethical principles of knowing what is right &wrong and the good & bad actions. (theory) -one has to translate these theories intoactions. (practice) *knowing what is right without changingthe way one’s behave morally is a useless knowledge. (Fernandez, 2012) 1. Prescriptivity – action-guiding natureof morality.e.g. “obey your parents” or “thoushall notkill”. 2. Impartiality – moral rule should be neutral. Itshouldapply to anyone regardless of status or situation. 3. Overridingness – tower over all other normsorstandardof evaluation. Should be given primary &ultimateimportance. Characteristics of Moral Principles 4. Autonomous from Arbitrary Authority –independent.It should be based on the ethical principles &notonwhatmajority say. 5. Publicity – should be made public, toadviseaswellaspraise or blame certain actions. 6. Practicability – made for men to follow. How do we know if an action is a moral act? Act of man Humanact - No control - Involuntary act - - Control act - Deliberate - e.g. emotions, circulation Voluntary act blood, pumping of thegrinding of the stomach, &breathing. - e.g. walking, talking, thinking, heart, eating, &biting How do we  know if an action is a moral act?(accountable & responsible) 3 Essential Elements Therefore, for mantofully 1. Knowledge – awareness. morally accountablemustbe 2. Freedom – not done by done knowingly, freely,& willfully. force. It is a state of being unrestricted from the The absence of oneortwoofthe internal impulse & external pressure. maylessentheaccountabilityorno elements 3. Will – doer has given its accountabilityatall. consent to do the act. Kinds of Voluntariness 1. Perfect voluntariness – all element of humanactarepresent. Man is fully accountable. 2. Imperfect voluntariness – knowledgeis absent. 3. Simple voluntariness – it is simply doingor notdoingtheact since one cannot do anything about it. 4. Conditional voluntariness – forced todotheactwhichisin normal condition it should not be done. Morality of an act either bemoral, immoral,oramoral. 1. Moral – good act 2. Immoral – bad act 3. Amoral – indifferent or neither goodorbad How do we  knowthemoralityofact?(Det erminant) 1. The Object or Act itself 2. Motive or Intent 3. Circumstances a. Who – doer, receiver or recipient of the act b. Why – reason or motive of doing the act c. By What Means – intention or goal d. Where – setting of an action e. When – time of commission of the act f. How - ways Accountability of the commission of anact canbemodified 1. Ignorance – absence of knowledge2. Concupiscence or passion–emotions/desire3. Fear – disturbance of themind4. Violence – compelling forceagainsthiswill5. Habits – frequently repeatedact Conscience arise! 1. Correct conscience – obey &followtherightpath2. Erroneous conscience – wrongconsciencea. invincibly erroneous conscienceb. vincibly erroneous consciencec. perplexed conscience d. pharisaical conscience Judgment of the Morality of the Act, conscienceiseither 1. Certain conscience 2. Doubtful conscience 3. Scrupulous conscience 4. Lax conscience SQUARE OF MORAL EVALUATION&DECISIONACT ITSELF INTENTION CIRSCUMSTANCE END