Philippine Politics and Governance PDF

POL SCI 110: PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE PREPARED BY: MS. SHERIFA ROSSLAINI O. KADIL, LPT, MPA POL SCI 110 TEACHER  THEME 1: “ME AND THE MIRROR” Reflect on this theme: “ME AND THE MIRROR” “Humans beings are political animals” -Aristotle- He is a soci...

POL SCI 110: PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE PREPARED BY: MS. SHERIFA ROSSLAINI O. KADIL, LPT, MPA POL SCI 110 TEACHER  THEME 1: “ME AND THE MIRROR” Reflect on this theme: “ME AND THE MIRROR” “Humans beings are political animals” -Aristotle- He is a social creature with the power of speech and moral reasoning Man is naturally sociable (that they are naturally drawn to various political associations in order to satisfy their social needs) “Political” in a less charitable light, might state that, since politics is based upon violence and threats of violence, the phrase emphasizes the “animal” side of human nature rather than its rational and cooperative side CITIZEN WHAT IS A CITIZEN?  CITIZEN A person with full membership in the body politic upon which rest the primary responsibility of organizing and controlling the nation. A citizen enjoys full civil and political rights and accorded with protection inside and outside the territory of the state. What makes a good citizen? A Filipino citizen is __________. CITIZENSHIP  CITIZENSHIP It is the status of being a member of a body politic, owing allegiance to and entitled to reciprocal protection from its government.  JUS SANGUINIS The principle where the citizenship is determined or acquired by the nationality of both parents. JUS SOLI/ JUS LOCI The principle where the citizenship is acquired by being born within the territory of the state. Philippine citizenship may be lost or reacquired in the manner provided by law CITIZENSHIP MAY BE LOST THROUGH: VOLUNTARILY INVOLUNTARILY a. Naturalization in a foreign country a. By cancellation of certificate of naturalization by the court; b. Expressed renunciation of citizenship; subscribing to an oath of allegiance to b. By having been declared by competent support the constitution and laws of a authority, a deserter of the armed forces of foreign country; the Philippines in times of war. c. By rendering service to, or accepting commission in the armed forces of a foreign country OTHER CONCEPTS YOU NEED TO REMEMBER! Citizen Natural-born citizen Naturalization Naturalized citizen Alien/ foreigner Nationality If you are a citizen of the Philippines, you can: a) Own land and business b) Practice profession c) Participate in elections  NATURAL-BORN CITIZEN It is the citizen of the Philippines without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect his/ her citizenship  NATURALIZATION It is the act of formally adopting a foreigner into the political body of the state and clothing him/her with the rights and privileges of citizenship REQUIREMENTS FOR NATURALIZATION Resided in the country at least 10 years Not convicted in any crime during this period Owns real estate worth not less than Php5,000 or have a lucrative business, profession, or lawful occupation Able to speak Tagalog, English, Spanish At least 21 years old during the Hearing Petition Good moral character Believes in the Constitution  DISQUALIFICATIONS FOR NATURALIZATION ▪ You are a troublemaker ▪ You did not mingle with Filipinos ▪ You belong to a country with whom the Philippines does not see eye to eye ▪ You belong to a group that opposes the Philippine government ▪ You convicted a crime of moral turpitude ▪ You suffer from mental alienation ▪ You suffer from incurable contagious disease ▪ Your home country is at war with the Philippine Government NATURALIZED CITIZEN A citizen who by choice undergoes judicial process of acquiring a new citizenship  ALIEN/ FOREIGNER It is a citizen who is residing or passing through another country. He is not given full rights to citizenship such as the right to vote and hold public office, but is entitled to receive protection as to his/ her person and property  NATIONALITY A membership of any class or form of political community. It does not necessarily include the right or privilege of exercising civil or political rights OTHER POLITICAL SCIENCE TERMS & CONCEPTS POLITICS  Politics is defined in variety of ways: Politics is the public Politics is the exercise of Politics is the resolution allocation of things that power of conflict are valued Politics is the Politics is the process Politics is the competition of through which power determination of who individuals and groups and influence are used in gets, what, when and pursuing their own the promotion of certain how. interests. value and interest.  Examples: voter, taxpayer, Examples: elections, Political impeachment, legislation, etc. government officials, etc. Processes Political POLITICS Individuals Institutions Examples: Congress, Supreme Groups Examples: political Court, Bureaucracy parties/groups, associations POWER  Power is... “the capacity of an actor to compel or influence other actors to alter their behavior or to do what they would not do otherwise.” Two species of power: authority and influence.  PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE OPERATION OF GOVERNMENTAL POWERS Separation of Powers A principle that confines legislative powers to the legislature, executive powers to the executive, judicial powers to the judiciary. Officers are entrusted with the exercise of each power and should not encroach upon the powers confined to others. System of Check and Balance One department is given the authority to check the possible excesses of other departments so that they will only exercise the powers entrusted to them. Blending of Powers There are instances when the powers of the government blend together in the exercise of governmental power  FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE STATE Police Power The power promoting the public welfare by restraining and regulating the use of liberty and property. It is the most pervasive and most extensive in its effects. It may be exercised as long as the activity or property sought to be regulated has some relevance to the public welfare. Power of Eminent Domain The power that enables the state to acquire private property upon (a.k.a power of payment of just compensation for some intended public use. expropriation) Power of Taxation The power that enables the state to demand from the members of the society to give share or contribution in the maintenance of the government. Tax is referred to as the “lifeblood of the nation.” GOVERNANCE  GOVERNANCE It refers to the various ways through which social life is coordinated. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): the exercise of political, economic and administrative authority in the management of the country’s affairs at all levels. In public sector, governance extends beyond traditional players and looks at the development of non-state actors like business, media, civil society and others. GOVERNMENT  ▪ Government is a social institution that exercises authority; the instrument GOVERNMENT that provides mechanisms in determining, formulating and implementing the policies of the State.  ▪Temporary ▪Composed of few select citizens ▪Has derivative powers ▪Has different types and forms Government is said to be...  FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNMENT Constituent Functions Ministrant Functions These are the basic functions of the government These are undertaken to advance the general such as: 1) keeping the order and providing for interests of society such as public works and the protection of the persons and property from public charity, regulation of trade and industry; violence; 2) fixing legal relations between however, execution of these functions may be husband and wife; 3) punishment of crime, optional. administration of justice in civil cases; 4) dealing of the state with foreign powers, and among others.  CATEGORIES OF THE FORMS OF GOVERNMENT A) According to the Number of People who Rule or Participate in the Exercise of Sovereignty B) According to the Status of those who hold the Reign of the Government C) According to the Relationship Between the Executive and the Legislative D) According to the Division of Powers  ACCORDING TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXECUTIVE AND THE LEGISLATIVE Presidential The form of government in which the executive is Government independent from the legislature. There is separation of the legislative and executive powers. Legislature cannot interfere in the executive and vice versa. Parliamentary The executive is a member of the legislature and is subject Government to control. The executive discusses upon the legislature the complete control of the administration of the law.  Unitary The central or national government is supreme, Government possessing complete governmental powers. The powers possessed by the local government units are delegated from the national government which ACCORDING TO can be withdrawn anytime. THE DIVISION Federal There is a division of governmental powers OF POWERS Government between the national government and local government or constituent units (e.g. states, provinces, regions) and such division are specified in the constitution. Local government units are autonomous from the national government; they have inherent powers which the national government cannot take away.