Primary Health Care System Lecture - 1 PDF

Primary Health Care System Lecture - 1 24/09/2024 ‫ سعد أحمد علي جدوع‬.‫د‬.‫م‬ ‫فرع طب االسرة والمجتمع‬ ‫كلية الطب – جامعة ديالى‬ Learning objectives By the end of...

Primary Health Care System Lecture - 1 24/09/2024 ‫ سعد أحمد علي جدوع‬.‫د‬.‫م‬ ‫فرع طب االسرة والمجتمع‬ ‫كلية الطب – جامعة ديالى‬ Learning objectives By the end of this lecture the students will be able to : 1-Give an idea about health and health care services 2-Define Primary Health Care (PHC) system , services and programs. 3- Differentiate between Health care & Medical care. 4- List & Discuss levels of health care.  Introduction Health has been declared a fundamental human right. National governments all over the world are striving to expand and improve their population’ health care services. The present concern in both developed and developing countries is not only to reach the whole population with adequate health care services, but also to secure an acceptable level of Health for All, through the application of primary health care system’ programmes. Introduction ❖Health is influenced by several factors such as: ▪ Adequate Food, ▪ Housing, ▪ Basic Sanitation, ▪ Healthy Lifestyles, ▪ Protection Against Environmental Hazards And ▪ Communicable Diseases.  Health care and Medical care ❖It is thus clear that "health care" implies more than "medical care". ❖Health Care embraces a multitude of "services provided to individuals or communities by agents of the health services or professions, for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, monitoring, or restoring health“. Health care and Medical care ❖ The term "medical care" is not synonymous with "health care". ❖ It refers chiefly to those personal services that are provided directly by physicians or rendered as the result of physicians' instructions. ❖ It ranges from domiciliary care to resident hospital care. ❖ Medical care is a subset of health care system.  Health care ❖Health care is completely or largely a governmental function. ❖Health services are designed to meet the health needs of the community using available knowledge and resources. Health care ❖Two major themes have emerged in recent years in the delivery of health services : First, that health services should be organized to meet the needs of entire populations and not merely selected groups. Health services should cover the full range of preventive, curative and rehabilitation services. Health services are now seen as part of the basic social services of a country.  Health care Secondly, it is now fully realized that the best way to provide health care to most underserved rural people and urban poor is to develop an effective: "primary health care" services “ supported by an appropriate referral system. Health care ❖ The social policy throughout the world was to build up health systems based on Primary Health Care (PHC), towards the policy objective of Health for All. ❖Community participation is now recognized as a major component in the approach to the whole system of health care, treatment, promotion and prevention. ❖The stress is on the provision of these services to the people representing a shift from medical care to health care and from urban population to rural population.  Primary Health Care (PHC) Levels of Health care ❖Primary Health Care level, ❖Secondary Health Care level, and ❖Tertiary Health Care levels. These levels represent different types of care involving varying degrees of complexity.  Primary Health Care 1. Primary health care level : ▪ It is the first level of contact of individuals, family and community with the national health system, where "primary health care".("essential" health care) is provided. ▪ As a level of care, it is close to the people, where most of their health problems can be dealt with and resolved. ▪ It is at this level that health care will be most effective within the context of the_ area's needs and limitations. ▪ Primary health care is provided by the Primary health centers and their subcenters, & multipurpose health workers. Primary Health Care 2. Secondary health care level : ▪ The next higher level of care is the secondary (intermediate) health care level. ▪ At this level more complex problems are dealt with. ▪ This kind of care is generally provided in district’ Hospitals which also serve as the first referral level.  Primary Health Care 3. Tertiary health care level : ▪ This level is a more specialized level than secondary care level and requires specific facilities and attention of highly specialized health workers. ▪ This care is provided by the regional or central level institutions, e.g., Medical College Hospitals. Primary Health Care ❑A fundamental and necessary function of health care system is to provide a sound referral system. ❑It must be a two-way exchange of information and returning patients to those who referred them for follow-up care. ❑It will ensure continuity of care and inspire confidence of the consumer in the system. Primary Health Care Thank you