Photosynthesis Stages PDF

PHOTOSYNTHESIS STAGES Light-Dependent & Calvin SBI4U  TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 03 Light-Dependen vs. Cellular Calvin Cycle t...

PHOTOSYNTHESIS STAGES Light-Dependent & Calvin SBI4U  TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 02 03 Light-Dependen vs. Cellular Calvin Cycle t Respiration Associated with the Aka the Comparing the two absorption of photons light-independent stage processes Introductio n But first, we need to go over some background information. Brain-Drai n Grab a white board and write down everything you know about: - Autotrophs - Photosynthesis - Structure of a Leaf - Chlorophyll  Photosynthesis Summarized The process of photosynthesis can be summarized with the following equation:  Process of Photosynthesis 1) Light-Dependent 2) Calvin Cycle Reactions the first stage of photosynthesis, the second stage of the during which water molecules are photosynthesis process that split as light energy is absorbed and uses ATP and NADPH to convert transformed into chemical energy in CO2 to sugars. This process is ATP and NADPH (nicotinamide called CO2 fixation. adenine dinucleotide phosphate). Oxygen is released when water is split. Leaf Structure  Chloroplast Structure The aqueous environment within the inner membrane is the stroma. The enzymes that catalyze the reactions of the Calvin cycle are found in the stroma of the chloroplast. The thylakoids form interconnected stacks of flattened discs called grana (singular: granum). The thylakoid membrane is where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur Opening/Closing of Stomata  Absorptio primary electron acceptor a molecule capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced n of Energy as during photosynthesis Light Light tends to be absorbed as photons, and each photon can carry a specific amount of energy.  Pigments and Absorption of Energy Pigments absorb different wavelengths of visible light. Depending on the pigment, it can absorb different combinations of colours.  Photosystems and Energy Photosystem: protein based complex composed of clusters of pigments that absorb light energy. The clusters of pigments are located on the thylakoid membrane and can absorb a wide range of wavelengths when imbedded in a protein complex. Photosystems and Energy Antenna complex: pigments molecules (chlorophyll b, carotenoids etc) that capture the initial photons of light. Reactions center: composed of chlorophyll a molecules and proteins. Chlorophyll b molecules capture the photons of light emitted by the sun. This energy is transferred between chlorophylls until it reaches chlorophyll a (reaction center). Two electrons from the reaction center are ‘excited’ and jump up in energy level. These electrons are captured by an electron carrier.  Photosystems I and II Depending on the chlorophyll in the reaction center, they can absorb different wavelengths of light. There are two photosystems present in the thylakoid membrane. 1) Photosystem I (P700): the reaction center can absorb wavelengths of 700nm a) a collection of pigment proteins that includes chlorophyll a and absorbs light at the 700 nm wavelength 2) Photosystem II (P680): the reaction center can absorb wavelengths of 680nm. a) a collection of pigment proteins that includes chlorophyll a and absorbs light at the 680 nm wavelength **Both work together during the Light-dependent reactions  01 Light-Dependen Creating NADPH t