Korean University Bioscience Study Material PDF

# 생명과학의 세계 ## The World of Bioscience **Korea University** ## 주차 02 ### 01. 생명체의 기본단위 세포는 어떻게 소통할까? #### : 세포의 기본 개념 (1) ### 01. HOW DO CELLS COMMUNICATE? : BASIC CONCEPTS OF CELL (1) #### 학습목표 1. Can understand the characteristics of cells. 2. Can under...

# 생명과학의 세계 ## The World of Bioscience **Korea University** ## 주차 02 ### 01. 생명체의 기본단위 세포는 어떻게 소통할까? #### : 세포의 기본 개념 (1) ### 01. HOW DO CELLS COMMUNICATE? : BASIC CONCEPTS OF CELL (1) #### 학습목표 1. Can understand the characteristics of cells. 2. Can understand the composition of body fluids. 3. Can understand the homeostasis of body fluids. #### 학습내용 1. Distribution and composition of body fluids. 2. Characteristics of intracellular and extracellular solutions. 3. Importance of maintaining body fluids. ### Cell is the smallest basic unit of organism The image shows an illustration of a human body and its components: atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, and organ system. The cell is highlighted as the "Unit of the organism" ### The human body (building) is composed of trillions of cells (rooms). The image shows a comparison between a building and a human body. A building is made up of many rooms, just as a human body is made up of trillions of cells. The illustration shows the Lotte World Tower as an example, highlighting its various floors, including: * Sky Seoul * Premier 7 * Signiel Club * Signiel Seoul * Signiel Residence * Prime Office * Podium ### Organ systems **Human is operated as integrated units** The image shows an illustration of a human body, highlighting 8 organ systems: * Nervous system * Endocrine system * Musculoskeletal system * Circulatory system * Respiratory system * Digestive system * Reproductive system * Urinary system ### Human: integrated organ systems **Human is operated as integrated units** The image shows an illustration of a human body and its organ systems. The image is divided into two parts: * Anatomy: The anatomy section shows a human skeleton with the following labels for the cell and its component parts: atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, and cell * Basic Study in Laboratory Level: This section shows six different images illustrating different aspects of human anatomy, such as muscle, bone, lung, and heart. Each image is labelled with the corresponding organ system. ### Cell diversity The image shows different types of cells, including: * Blood cells * Surface skin cells * Bone cell * Columnar epithelial and Goblet cells * Cardiac muscle cell * Skeletal muscle cells * Neuron * Smooth muscle cell ### Cell structure The image shows a detailed representation of the cell structure, labelling parts such as: * Nuclear envelope * Nucleus * Nuclear pore * Nucleolus * Mitochondrion * Chromatin * Ribosomes * Centrioles * Microtubules * Cytoplasm * Plasma membrane * Secretory vesicle * Smooth endoplasmic reticulum * Golgi apparatus * Rough endoplasmic reticulum * Vacuole * Lysosome ### What is a cell? The image text states that cells are the basic building blocks of all living things. The human body is made up of trillions of cells. Cells provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells also contain the body's hereditary material and can make copies of themselves. Moreover, cells have many parts, each with a different function. These parts, called organelles, are specialized structures that perform certain tasks within the cell. ### Structure of cell membrane The image shows a detailed illustration of the cell membrane, highlighting the following parts: * Outer face * Hydrophilic (polar) head of phospholipid * Sugar side chain * Hydrophobic (nonpolar) fatty acid tail of phospholipid * Inner face * Cholesterol * Integral (intrinsic) proteins * Peripheral (extrinsic) protein ### Functions of cell membrane The image uses a visual metaphor of a room with doors to explain the functioning of a cell membrane. Different rules are presented to illustrate different functionalities of the membrane, such as: **Rule 1 (assumption 1): No door** The image shows a red person outside a room and a blue person inside the room. The red person cannot enter the room because there is no door. This illustrates how the cell membrane without any doors acts as a barrier and does not allow substances to pass through. **Rule 2: Red person can enter the room through the same colored door** The image shows two rooms with red doors, each with a red and a blue person respectively. The red person can enter the first room with a red door, but not the second room with a blue door. This illustrates how the cell membrane acts like a selectively permeable barrier, allowing only certain substances to pass through. **Rule 3: Blue person can enter the room through the same colored door** The image shows two rooms, one with a red door and another with a blue door. The red person can enter the room with a red door, but not the blue door. Similarly, the blue person can enter the room with a blue door, but not the red door. This illustrates how the cell membrane acts like a selectively permeable barrier, allowing only certain substances to pass through based on their properties. **Rule 4: Heavy blue person can pass through the fully opened blue-colored door** The image shows two rooms, one with an open blue door and another with a closed blue door. The heavy blue person can enter the room with the open door, but not the room with the closed door. This illustrates how the cell membrane, under certain conditions, can allow large molecules to pass through if the membrane itself is open or has channels for passage. **Rule 5: Freely moved persons** The image shows two rooms, one with a blue door and another with a red door. Both rooms have many red and blue people in them. This illustrates how the cell membrane can allow many substances to pass through with ease, depending on the molecule's properties and membrane permeability. **Rule 6: There are too many different doors in a single room (cell)** The image shows a close-up of many differently colored doors in one room. The room represents the cell, and the multiple colored doors represent the varied pathways and mechanisms that allow various substances to pass through the cell membrane. This illustrates how the cell membrane has multiple mechanisms and pathways for selective transport, allowing for efficient regulation of substances moving in and out of the cell. ### 학습정리 1. Cells are the basic building blocks of human body. 2. Intracellular and extracellular fluids are different. 3. Intracellular and extracellular fluids should be maintained. ### 출처 및 참고문헌 * [출처01] Human Anatomy, https://encyclopedia.lubopitko-bg.com/Human_Body_&_Physiology.html * [출처02] 롯데건설, LOTTE+E&C_brochure(eng) * [출처03] Openmedscience, https://openmedscience.com/fantastic-voyage-a-journey-through-the-human-body-aboard-the-incredible-submarine/ * [출처04] https://www.slideshare.net/evniksul/physiology-10665759?next_slideshow=true * [출처05] Openmedscience, https://openmedscience.com/fantastic-voyage-a-journey-through-the-human-body-aboard-the-incredible-submarine/ * [출처06] Allthescience, https://www.allthescience.org/what-is-the-cell-cycle.htm * [출처07] Getty Images Bank 1155003177 * [출처08] Getty Images Bank 479536013 * [출처09] Researchgate, https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Structure-of-the-cellular-membrane_fig1_349648100 * [출처10] Getty Images Bank 1166773589