Note Taking and Citation PDF

ASSH2005 Note Taking and Citation I. Plagiarism It refers to the act of copying another person’s ideas, words, or work and pretending that they are your own (Oxford Learners Dictionary, n.d.). A. Plagiarism of Ideas According to the University o...

ASSH2005 Note Taking and Citation I. Plagiarism It refers to the act of copying another person’s ideas, words, or work and pretending that they are your own (Oxford Learners Dictionary, n.d.). A. Plagiarism of Ideas According to the University of Lynchburg’s “Statement on Plagiarism,” plagiarism of ideas occurs when the writer, creator, or inventor presents other’s information, data, interpretations, and conclusions as to his/her own. This also includes not only written but creative works such as musical pieces, lyrics, designs, and patterns, etc. B. Plagiarism of Language This happens when an author gets important sentences, clauses, or words from the source claim it as his or her own (Valdez, 2016). There are three (3) different types of plagiarism, according to Pennsylvania State University College of Liberal Arts (n.d.), word-for-word plagiarism, plagiarizing by paraphrase, and mosaic plagiarism. 1. Word-for-word Plagiarism The writer simply copied a huge portion of the text, put it in his/her paper, and assumed the ownership of the ideas by not placing any mark that the idea was borrowed, such as parenthetical citation, quotation marks, and indention. 2. Plagiarism by Paraphrase There are two (2) versions of this type. The first type happens when the exact ideas of the original text are copied, and there are only a few words or phrases that were substituted through finding its closest synonym or using a simpler term. Meanwhile, the second type happens when the original text was paraphrased, but the writer did not put any parenthetical citation. 3. Mosaic Plagiarism In this type, words and phrases are lifted directly and scattered in the text or paragraph. Often a result of disordered notetaking and lack of willingness to paraphrase, the writer changes the introduction and the ending statement and copies the information in between. II. Note Taking Techniques A. Note Taking Techniques (Saqueton & Uychoco, 2016) 1. Annotating Also known as “close reading,” it refers to the practice of marking and writing comments to enhance one’s understanding and recall of the text he/she is reading (Eastern Washington University, 2020). 2. Outlining Through outlining, the reader could identify the main point of the text and its supporting details. In pre-writing, outlining helps in rationally organizing ideas while during reading, it helps in breaking down the information and identifying the pattern that the writer used to present his/her ideas. This can be done formally using alphanumeric and roman numeral characters and informally through bullets. 3. Summarizing According to Monterey Peninsula College (n.d.), “Summarizing reduces a text to its main idea and necessary information. It is shorter than the original text as it leaves out details and terms”. 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 1 of 6  ASSH2005 Freedman (n.d.) views summarizing as a test of one’s judgment on what concepts should be omitted or preserved. Listed below are some tips that she gave for summarizing a text:  Include the title and identify the author in your first sentence.  The first sentence or two of your summary should contain the author’s thesis or central concept, stated in your own words. This is the idea that runs through the entire text–the one you’d mention if someone asked you: “What is this piece/article about?” Unlike student essays, the main idea in a primary document or an academic article may not be stated in one location at the beginning. Instead, it may be gradually developed throughout the piece, or it may become fully apparent only at the end.  When summarizing a longer article, try to see how the various stages in the explanation or argument are built up in groups of related paragraphs. Divide the article into sections if it isn’t done in the published form. Then, write a sentence or two to cover the key ideas in each section.  Omit ideas that are not really central to the text. Don’t feel that you must reproduce the author’s exact progression of thought. (On the other hand, be careful not to misrepresent ideas by omitting important aspects of the author’s discussion).  In general, omit minor details and specific examples. (In some texts, an extended example may be a key part of the argument, so you would want to mention it).  Avoid writing opinions or personal responses in your summaries (save these for active reading responses or tutorial discussions).  Be careful not to plagiarize the author’s words. If you do use even a few of the author’s words, they must appear in quotation marks. To avoid plagiarism, try writing the first draft of your summary without looking back at the original text. III. APA Format (7th Edition) A. In-Text Citation 1. Short Quotation According to David (2018), “nationhood is an unending project of creation of a people who chose to collectively pursue the fulfillment of their individual happiness” (p.15). David (2018) said that “nationhood is an unending project of creation of a people who chose to pursue the fulfillment of their individual happiness collectively” (p. 199); What does nationhood really mean to us, Filipinos? He stated that “nationhood is an unending project of creation of a people who chose to collectively pursue the fulfillment of their individual happiness” (David, 2018, p. 15). 2. Long Quotation We must also take note that bullying harms both the bully and the person being bullied. In the United States, Shetgiri (2013) found out that: (Signal phrase) Bullies may experience poor school adjustment and academic performance, higher rates of alcohol and substance use, and increased externalizing 1/2 inch behavior, such as fighting and weapon-carrying. Long-term consequences include antisocial development, intimate partner violence perpetration, unemployment, delinquency, and criminality in adulthood. One study found that 60% of boys who bullied in 6th–9th grades had at least one criminal 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 2 of 6  ASSH2005 conviction by age 24 and 35; 40% of these boys had three or more convictions by this time. Perpetrators of bullying also are more likely to have children who bully. (pp. 21–22) (Parenthetical follows ending punctuation) Different countries did certain measures in order to eradicate or at least lessen the bullying cases among their youth. The Chinese education and legal authorities have pledged to fight against school bullying and violence since then, and several anti- bullying and anti-school violence policies have been released with strong actions. 3. Quotations from sources without pages According to Terry (2020), cross-cultural exposure through travel would create conditions for checking conscious and unconscious biases (para. 4). A meta-analysis of available literature (Jones, 1998) revealed inconsistency across large-scale studies of student learning (Table 3). 4. Summary or paraphrase According to David (2018), the main characteristic of nationhood its citizen’s unending pursuit of individual happiness. The main characteristic of nationhood its citizen’s unending pursuit of individual happiness (David, 2018, p.15). Note: If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, include the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and remove the page numbers. APA guidelines, however, do encourage including a page range for a summary or paraphrase because it will help the reader find the information. B. Reference List 1. Books Author, A. A., (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. (# of the edition, volume). Publisher. Sample Ramos, J. Q. (2020). English for academic and professional purposes. (2nd ed.). Ilao Publishing House. Note: Give the last name and first/middle initials for all authors of a particular work up to and including 20 authors. If there are 21 or more authors, use an ellipsis (but no ampersand) after the 19th author, and then add the final author’s name. 2. Periodicals 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 3 of 6  ASSH2005 Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyy Bagumbayan, A. C. (2020). The dawn of peace. The Daily News, Print Journal 16(1), 6–7. Francisco, K., & Toralba, C. (2020). Writing Difficulties in Using Prepositions of Time: Basis for Instructional Development. Electronic Purdue Journal of Languages, 5(1), 24-28. Journal https://doi.org/17.7107/4288284315579 Fermin, C. (2018, August). Never say never. Cosmopolite, 182(16), Magazine 33-34. Cabangal, M. (2019, March). The government and its people. The Newspaper Daily Inquirer, 2B, 2C. Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book The self-knower: A hero under control, by Review R. A. Wicklund & M. Eckert]. Contemporary Psychology, 38(5), 466–467. Note: A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) may not always be available. In these cases, use a Uniform Resource Locator (URL). 3. Electronic Sources Lastname, F. N. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site name. URL Group name. (Year, Month Day). Title of page. Site name. URL Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of the article. Title of Periodical, Vol. (Issue), page numbers. DOI Martinez, D. (2018, March 17). How to stop procrastinating? GamersHub. https://gamershub.com/how-to-stop- Webpage procrastinating-3xi1afkftw Drollinger, T., Comer, L. B., & Warrington, P. T. (2006). Development and validation of the active, empathetic listening Online scale. Psychology & Marketing, 23(2), 161-180. Periodical https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20105 Esguerra, D. (2020, July 13). PH COVID-19 cases breach 56,000 Online News mark. Inquirer.net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1306023/ph- Article covid-19-cases-breach-56000-mark 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 4 of 6  ASSH2005 Ramos, J. Q. (2020). English for academic and professional Electronic purposes. [eBook edition]. Books https://www.ilaopublishinghouse.com/ebooks/eQ3123 Duis, J. M. (2008). Acid/base chemistry and related organic chemistry conceptions of undergraduate organic chemistry Dissertation/ students. (Publication No. 3348786) [Doctoral dissertation, Thesis from a University of Northern Colorado]. ProQuest Dissertations and Database Theses Global. Online Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Nepotism. In Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary/ dictionary. Retrieved January 13, 2020, from Thesaurus/ https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nepotism Encyclopedia Panganiban, C. [X_R3ptileSl4yer]. (2019, June 12). Refuting FE-ers’ arguments. [Online forum post]. Reddit. Online Forum https://www/reddit.com/domain/theflatearthsociety/commen ts/t13arthFL Axelrod, A. (2019, August 11). A century later: The Treaty of Versailles and its rejection of racial equality. Code Switch, NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/08/11/74229 Blog Post 3305/a-century-later-the-treaty-of-versailles-and-its-rejection- of-racial-equality Darnit, J. [Josh Darnit]. (2017, January 26). Exact instructions Online Video challenge - this is why my kids hate me. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDA3_5982h8 4. Audiovisual Media Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production company. Film Goldberg, E. & Rogen, S. (Directors). (2014). The Interview [Film]. Columbia Pictures. Executive Producer, P. P. (Executive Producer). (Date range of release). Title of series [TV series]. Production company(s). TV Series Liman, D. & Bartis, D. (2011-2019). Suits [TV Series]. Universal Cable Productions. 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 5 of 6  ASSH2005 Recording artist. (Year of release). Title of song [Song]. On title of album [Album]. Record label. Single Song or Track Osinachi, J. (2016). Waymaker [Song]. On Waymaker - Live [Album]. Sinach. Artist, A. (Year of release). Title of artwork [medium]. Name of the museum, City, State, Country. URL of the museum Artwork in a Museum or on Luna, J. (1884). Spoliarium [Painting]. National Museum of the a Museum Philippines, Manila, NCR, Philippines. Website https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta /Collections/Spoliarium.html. Photographer, P. (Year of publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Source. URL Satore, J. (2020). The European wildcat [Photograph]. National Photograph Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/2020/07/house- cat-ancestors-found-poland-caves-near-east/#/photo-ark- european-wildcat2501892.jpg References: Eastern Washington University. (2020, May 26). What is annotating and why do it? https://research.ewu.edu/writers_c_read_study_strategies Freedman, L. (n.d.). Summarizing. https://advice.writing.utoronto.ca/researching/summarize/ Monterey Peninsula College. (n.d.). Summarizing your text. https://www.mpc.edu/home/showdocument?id=12794 Oxford Learners Dictionary. (n.d.). Plagiarize. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/plagiarize Pennsylvania State University College of Liberal Arts. (n.d.). Types of plagiarism. https://la.psu.edu/current- students/documents/TypesofPlagiarism.pdf Purdue University. (n.d.). APA formatting and style guide 7th edition. https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.ht ml Saqueton, G. & Uychoco, M. (2016). English for academic and professional purposes. Rex Book Store, Inc. University of Lynchburg. (n.d.). Statement on plagiarism. https://www.lynchburg.edu/academics/writing-center/wilmer- writing-center-online-writing-lab/citation-style/statement-on-plagarism/ 02 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 6 of 6