Nr-Nur 111 Theoretical Foundations Of Nursing Overview PDF

NR-NUR 111 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING OVERVIEW Prepared by: Level 1 Faculty A.Y. ‘24-’25 A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind....

NR-NUR 111 THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING OVERVIEW Prepared by: Level 1 Faculty A.Y. ‘24-’25 A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates LEARNING OBJECTIVES Given definite concepts, the students will be able to: define related terms identify the components of a nursing theory describe the characteristics of a nursing theory explain the purposes of nursing theory discuss the Nursing paradigm A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates LET US DEFINE THESE TERMS FACT IDEA CONCEPT CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK HYPOTHESIS ASSUMPTION THEORY THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  WHAT IS A FACT? something that is seen happening or existing an empirical observation a piece of information presented as having objective reality A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  EXAMPLES OF FACTS The heart pumps blood through the body. This statement is something that is seen or happening This statement presents a piece of information presented as having an objective reality Nursing is a profession regulated, protected, and mandated by the constitution This statement is something that is seen or happening A cademics. This statement presents a piece of information T ouches E heart. presented as having an objective reality A ducates Mmind. rticulates FACT VERSUS OPINION A cademics. T ouches Image source: E heart. https://www.hmhco.com/blog/teachi A ducates ng-fact-versus-opinion Mmind. rticulates  WHAT IS AN IDEA? a group of interrelated facts an image or formulation of something imagined and visualized, of something vaguely assumed, guessed, or sensed out of related facts or observations a person’s conception of what is the best example of something A cademics. Less structured in contrast with T ouches E heart. A ducates concept Mmind. rticulates  WHAT IS A CONCEPT? a word or cluster of words describing an object, idea or event an abstraction based on observation of certain behaviors or characteristics describes the essence of a thing More structured in contrast with an idea A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  WHAT IS A CONCEPT? A. Concrete/empirical concept specific to time and place observable Examples: Table – a tangible object Laptop – a tangible object A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  WHAT IS A CONCEPT? B. Abstract concepts independent of time or place indirectly observable/not observable Examples: Peace – intangible concept Justice – intangible concept A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  What it is What it is not a normal transition fashion being human mood swings search for identity peer’s acceptance uniqueness of and rejection personality possessions like car, clothes, etc. Example: Being a Teen Ager  CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK set of interrelated concepts that serve as building blocks of theories interrelated concepts or abstractions that are assembled in some relational scheme by their relevance to a common theme A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Example: BEING A TEENAGER CONCEPT CONCEPT OF CONCEPT OF OF PERSONALITY PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWING PROCESSES interrelated concepts assembled by a common theme A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  HYPOTHESIS a statement of predicted relationships between two or more variables, subjected to testing in empirical studies a temporary stand prediction or guess while the investigation goes on A cademics. educated guess T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  ASSUMPTION basic principles that are accepted as being true on the basis of logic or reason without proof or verification A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  ASSUMPTION basic principles that are accepted as being true on the basis of logic or reason without proof or verification A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  THEORY a formal statement that is constructed to organize ideas & explain an event a group of related concepts that propose actions that guide practice a systematic way of looking at the world to describe, explain, predict, and control it Nursing Theory – an organized and systematic articulation of a set of statements A cademics. related to questions in the discipline T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK a set of interrelated theories that organize the direction of a research endeavor / scientific inquiry A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  PURPOSE CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS THEORETICAL STATEMENTS COMPONENTS OF A THEORY STRUCTURE AND LINKAGES ASSUMPTIONS MODELS A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY 1. PURPOSE explains why the theory was formulated and specifies the context and situations in which it should be applied A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY 2. CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Concepts are logistic labels that are assigned to objects or events. Definition defines the concept in relation to other concepts and permits the description and classification of phenomena. A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY 3. THEORETICAL STATEMENTS statements about the relationship between two or more concepts and are used to connect concepts to devise the theory A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY 3. THEORETICAL STATEMENTS statements about the relationship between two or more concepts and are used to connect concepts to devise the theory A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY 4. STRUCTURE AND LINKAGES The structure of a theory provides an overall form to the theory. Theoretical linkages offer a reasoned explanation of why the variables in the theory may be connected in some manner A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY 5. ASSUMPTIONS The assumptions of a theory are based on what the theorist considers to be adequate empirical evidence to support propositions, on accepted knowledge, or on personal beliefs or values. A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY 6. MODELS schematic representation of some aspect of reality Theoretical models represent the real world through language or symbols and directional arrows. A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY An example: THEORY OF CHRONIC SORROW PURPOSE OF THEORY: “to explain the experiences of people across the lifespan who encounter ongoing disparity because of significant loss” A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  COMPONENTS OF A THEORY An example: THEORY OF CHRONIC SORROW CONCEPTS (Framework) A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  LIFE SPAN LOSS CHRONICSORROW EXPERIENCE DISPARITY Pervasive Ongoing Permanent Periodic Single event Potentially progressive TRIGGER EVENTS MANAGEMENT METHODS Theoretical Model of Internal External Chronic Sorrow Ineffective Effective Discomfort Increased comfort  CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY 1. Theories can interrelate concepts in such a way to create a different way of looking at a particular phenomena. 2. Theories must be logical in nature. 3. Theories should be relatively simple yet generalizable. A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY 4. Theories can be the bases for hypothesis that can be tested. 5. Theories contribute to and assist in increasing general body of knowledge within the discipline through the research implemented to validate them. A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  CHARACTERISTICS OF A THEORY 6. Theories can be utilized by the practitioner to guide & improve their practice. 7. Theories must be consistent with other validated theories, laws & principles but will leave open unanswered questions that need to be investigated. A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORIES In Education ◦ Theory clarifies the central meanings and improves the status of the profession. In Research ◦ Theory sets limits on what questions to ask and what methods to use to pursue answers to the questions. A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  PURPOSES OF NURSING THEORIES In Clinical Practice guides research provides the nurse with goals for assessment, diagnosis, and intervention. a tool that renders practice more efficient, more effective, and goal-directed Language of theory provides us with common grounds for communication and with labels and definitions for phenomena Professional autonomy and accountability are A cademics. T ouches enhanced by theory used in practice. E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  How it all began in Nursing…. Crimean War: Florence Nightingale as a volunteer nurse  FACT 1 FACT 2 FACT 4 FACT 3 hungry & Noisy place enclosed dark/dirty dehydrated (gunfire & tents/ barracks soldiers soldiers’ groans) foul odor FACT recuperation Slow wound healing/slow IDEA anisempirical Something observation wrong with everything that S surrounds IDEA the client What is it? group of related facts What is it not? Client’s condition CONCEPT electricity ▪ nourishment HYPOTHESIS an abstraction based on CONCEPT INTERNAL OF swimming pool ▪ hydration observation of certain a statement behaviors of predicted ENVIRON drinking fountain noise/silence or characteristics; dwells on essence relationships MENT darkness/light enclosure/ between two or more variables, EXTERNAL ventilation/air subjected to testing in empirical free from foul studies odor HYPOTHESIS There is a relationship between the client’s surroundings (external & internal env’t.) & his/recovery/healing  HYPOTHESIS There is a relationship between the client’s surroundings (external & internal environment) & his/recovery/healing. empirical or test & apply results repeatedly until refined evidence-based THEORY abstract generalization that presents ENVIRONMENT THEORY a systematic explanation about the relationships among phenomena (proven through the years that results of testing are stably the same regardless of innovations ) NURSING AS A SCIENCE owes much of its research-orientedness to the systematic works of Florence Nightingale A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates A SNEAK PEEK TO THE EVOLUTION OF NURSING AS A SCIENCE Florence Nightingale May 12, 1820 - August 13, 1910 St. Thomas Hospital, London “Birth of Modern Nursing” 1900 nursing strong emphasis on practice  “Curriculum Era” “Research Era” “Theory Era” Nursing as “academic discipline” 1800, “nursing knowledge was distinct from medical knowledge” – F. Nightingale 1950, “emergence of nursing as a science” 1970, “research revealed that nursing lacked conceptual connections & theoretical framework” 1980, nursing theory was developed body of nursing science for research, education, administration & practice continuous to expand  NURSING PARADIGM patterns or models used to show a clear relationship among the existing theoretical works in nursing A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM in every nursing theory MAN MAN ENVIRON- MENT NURSING ENVIRONMENT HEALTH NURSING HEALTH METAPARADIGM  METAPARADIGM global perspective of a discipline that identifies the primary phenomena of interest to that discipline and explains how the discipline deals with those phenomena in a unique manner Nursing metaparadigm: embodies the knowledge base, theory, philosophy, research, practice, educational experience and literature identified with the profession. A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates  END OF THE LECTURE Reference: Alligood, M. R. (2022). Nursing Theorists and their Work. 10th ed. Singapore: Elsevier Pte Ltd A cademics. T ouches E heart. A ducates Mmind. rticulates