01_Introduction-1.pdf

Platform Technologies Introduction Partially based on Based on Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems & Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm 1 What is a Platform? Hardware + Software + N...

Platform Technologies Introduction Partially based on Based on Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems & Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm 1 What is a Platform? Hardware + Software + Networks = Platform In general, a computing platform is any pre-existing hardware environment, a piece of software that is designed to run within it, and any associated facilities used with it. A platform is any base of technologies on which other technologies or processes are built. Most services that the end users use will be build on top of platforms. 2 Generations of Computing 1. (1945–55) Vacuum Tubes Punch cards and machine language programming 2. (1955–65) Transistors and Batch Systems Mainframes (IBM 1401, IBM 7094), FORTRAN compiler 3. (1965–1980) ICs and Multiprogramming IBM System/360, OS/360, multiprogramming, timesharing, MULTICS 4. (1980–Present) Personal Computers IBM PC, DOS, Macintosh, Windows, Linux 5. (1990–Present) Mobile Computers PDAs, Symbian OS, Blackberry OS, Smartphones, iOS, Android 3 Transistors and Batch Systems a) Programmers bring cards to 1401. d) 7094 does computing. b) 1401 reads batch of jobs onto tape. e) Operator carries output tape to 1401. c) Operator carries input tape to 7094. f) 1401 prints output. 4 ICs and Multiprogramming A multiprogramming system with three jobs in memory. 5 Modern computers A modern computer consists of: One or more processors Main memory Disks Printers Various input/output devices Managing all these components requires a layer of software the operating system 6 Hardware Architecture A set of disciplines that describes a computer system by specifying its parts and their relations provides physical environment. Common Types: Commodity computing platforms Video game consoles RISC Midrange computers Mainframe computers Supercomputer 7 Operating Systems A collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function. Examples? 8 What is an Operating System? The most important program that runs on your computer. It manages all other programs on the machine. Every PC has to have one to run other applications or programs. It’s the first thing “loaded”. In simple terms, an operating system is a manager. It manages all the available resources on a computer, from the CPU, to memory, to hard disk accesses. 9 What is an Operating System? Major cost of general purpose computing is software. An operating system is a program that acts an intermediary between the user of a computer and computer hardware. Operating systems simplify and manage the complexity of running application programs efficiently. 10 The Operating System as an Extended Machine Operating systems turn the ugly hardware details into beautiful abstractions for the use of other software. 11 The Operating System as a Resource Manager Allow multiple programs to run at the same time Manage and protect memory, I/O devices, and other resources Includes multiplexing (sharing) resources in two different ways: In time In space 12 Operating System Concepts Processes Development in computing over Address spaces (Memory) time Large memories Files Protection hardware Input/Output Disks Protection Virtual memory The shell 13 Multithreaded and Multicore Chips (a) A quad-core chip with a shared L2 cache. (b) A quad-core chip with separate L2 caches. 14