Gothic Architecture PDF

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE II MODULE 4 Prepared by: AR. CHRISTIAN DE GUZMAN, uap  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Gothic...

HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE II MODULE 4 Prepared by: AR. CHRISTIAN DE GUZMAN, uap  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Gothic Architecture ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE HISTORY 12th – 13th centuries: Holy Roman Empire was reduced to the area of Germany Only 3 great kingdoms were left: France, England and Castile in Spain ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE Is a Medieval-style Architecture and developed from Romanesque Style "Gothic” – this term had a negative connotation and originated from the goths The Gothic architectural style is easily linked to “barbarians” because it departed from the Classical, Greek and Roman architectural styles that are considered “more formal” ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE is an architectural style in Europe that lasted from the mid-12th century to the 16th century particularly a style of masonry building characterized by cavernous spaces with the expanse of walls broken up by overlaid tracery in the 12th–13th century, feats of engineering permitted increasingly gigantic buildings. ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE stained-glass window panels rendered startling sun-dappled interior effects. reached its glory in the 15th century with the vaulted hall churches as its unique characteristic. it was initially called Opus Francigenum, which means "French Work," and was an architectural style dictated by the Roman Catholic Church. ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN Characteristic Features 1. Flying Buttresses 2. Pointed Arches 3. Ribbed Vaults 4. Large Stained-glass Windows 5. Gargoyles and Ornate Decoration Stone 6. Lofty Pinnacles  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE 2 Main Characteristics of Gothic Architecture 1. VERTICALITY 2. LIGHT ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE VERTICALITY 1. Idea of height 2. During this era, the Cathedrals are the largest and tallest buildings proliferated 3. The religious significance of verticality and height is to suggest that buildings are reaching towards the heavens ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE GOTHIC ENGINEERING ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE GARGOYLE Is a carved or formed grotesque, with a spout to convey water from the roof and away from the side of a building, thereby preventing it from running down masonry walls and eroding the mortar in between According to French legend, they protect against evil and harmful spirits Depending on their appearance, they can symbolize creatures from hell, part human and part monster, whose purpose is to scare away evil spirits ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE GOTHIC ENGINEERING “Medieval man considered himself an imperfect reflection of the divine light of God” - Gothic Architecture is the ideal expression of this view New techniques of construction permitted buildings to soar to amazing new heights, dwarfing anyone who stepped inside Moreover, the concept of divine light was suggested by the airy quality of Gothic buildings, which were much lighter than churches in the earlier Romanesque style ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE VERTICAL EMPHASIS ON EXTERIOR 1. The verticality is emphasized in a major way by the towers and spires 2. In a lesser way, by strongly projecting vertical buttresses and flying buttresses 3. By long narrow windows 4. The roofline, gable ends, buttresses and other parts of the building are often terminated by pinnacles ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE VERTICAL EMPHASIS ON EXTERIOR FLYING BUTTRESS A projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall Is a unique feature of the Gothic Architecture In order to prevent the outward collapse of the arches, Gothic architects began using this revolutionary feature Freestanding brick or stone supports were attached to the exterior walls by an arch or a half- arch ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE VERTICAL EMPHASIS ON EXTERIOR PINNACLE A vertical ornament of pyramidal or conical shape, crowning a buttress or other architectural member Simple pinnacles were used on Romanesque churches, especially to mask the abrupt transition from square tower to polygonal spire But they were far prominent in developed Gothic Architecture and decoration, in which they were used to give vertical emphasis and to break up hard outlines ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE LIGHT 1. One of the most distinctive characteristics is the expansive area of the windows 2. Due to the increase in size of windows, walls need not to be so weighty. Making the Gothic Architecture give emphasis on the natural lighting. 3. Windows developed from simple openings to immensely rich and decorative sculptural designs, paving the way for the use of stained glass which added a dimension of color to the light within the building, as wellas providing a medium for figurative and narrative art. ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE VERTICAL EMPHASIS ON INTERIOR 1. On the interior of the building attached shafts often sweep unbroken from floor to ceiling and meet the ribs of the vault, like a tall tree spreading into branches 2. The verticals are generally repeated in the treatment of the long narrow windows and wall surfaces 3. The treatment in gallery and tracery creates a unifying feature that counteracts the horizontal divisions of the interior structure 4. To dwarf anyone who steps inside the building ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE VERTICAL EMPHASIS ON INTERIOR RIBBED VAULT A projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall Earlier Romanesque churches relied on barrel vaulting, while Gothic builders introduced the dramatic technique of ribbed vaulting The ribs also delineated the vaults and gave a sense of unity to the structure ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE MAJESTY & GLORY DAYS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE The façade of a large church or cathedral is generally designed to create a powerful impression on the approaching worshipper, demonstrating the might of God and the might of the institution it represents. One of the best known and most typical of such facades is the Notre Dame de Paris Notre Dame de Paris ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE MAJESTY & GLORY DAYS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE Central to the façade, often designed by additional doors. In the arch of the door, the “tympanum,” is often a significant piece of sculpture, the Christ in Majesty and Judgment Day If there is a central door or “tremeu,” then it frequently bears a statue of the Madonna and Child Christ in Majesty Judgment Day Madonna and Child ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE MAJESTY & GLORY DAYS OF GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE In the center of the middle level of the façade, there is a rose window The gable above is richly decorated with arcading or sculpture Gable design at Notre Dame de Paris Rose window ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE BASIC SHAPES OF GOTHIC ARCHES AND STYLISTIC CHARACTER 1. LANCET 2. EQUILATERAL 3. FLAMBOYANT 4. DEPRESSED ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE LANCET ARCH 1. Is a variety of pointed arch in which each of the arcs, or curves of the arch have a radius longer than the width of the arch 2. Shaped like the tip of a lance 3. One of the typical features of the the Early English (13th century) period in Gothic Architecture Lancet Arches at Salisbury 4. Salisbury Cathedral is famous for Cathedral the beauty and simplicity of its Lancet Arches ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE EQUILATERAL ARCH 1. Is a two-centered pointed arch in which the chords of the curves are equal to the span, the radius is exactly the width of the opening 2. Gives a wide opening of satisfying proportion useful for doorways, decorative arcades and large windows 3. Notre Dame de Paris is famous for Equilateral Arches at Notre Dame de Paris the notable use of Equilateral Arches ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE FLAMBOYANT ARCH 1. Is drafted from four points, the upper part of each main arc turning upwards into smaller arc and meeting at a shard, flame-like point 2. Creates a rich and lively effect Flamboyant Arch at Limoges Cathedral ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE DEPRESSED ARCH 1. Is a four-centered arch and is much wider than its height and gives the visual effect of having been flattened Depressed Arches at King’s College Chapel under pressure 2. Its structure is achieved by drafting two arcs which rise steeply from each springing point on a small radius and then turn into two arches with a wide radius and much lower springing point ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Gothic Cathedrals ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE FRANCE In French, "L'architecture Ogivale“ Primaire (12th Century AD) ○ Also called "a lancettes" ○ Distinguished by pointed arches and geometric traceried windows Secondaire (13th Century AD) ○ Also called "Rayonnant" ○ Characterized by circular windows with wheel tracery Tertiare (14th to 16th Century AD) ○ Also called "Flamboyant" ○ Flame-like window tracery or free-flowing tracery ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Amiens Cathedral, France The tallest completed cathedral in France, reaching an internal height of 138.8 feet. Has the largest interior volume at 260,000 cubic yards ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN The Flamboyant south rose window West portals The flèche as drawn by Viollet-le-Duc Transept and north stained glass windows South transept rose window The baroque high altar and "Gloire" screen Stained glass windows in the ambulatory  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Notre Dame de Reims, France The kings of France were crowned in this cathedral Constructed during the 13th century on the site of an old church dating from the year 400 ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN West façade and portals  Buttresses on the north side The North Transept Sculpture on the reverse of the Nave, looking east toward the choir West Facade  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Notre-Dame de Paris Pioneered the use of the rib vault and flying buttress, its enormous and colourful rose windows, and the naturalism and abundance of its sculptural decoration ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Basilica of Saint Denis, France Noted as the first Gothic cathedral (completed in 1144) This cathedral holds the draves for all but three of the French monarchs ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN Rayonnant rose window in the north transept  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Chartres Cathedral, France This UNESCO World Heritage site is extremely well-preserved – nearly all of the original stained-glass windows are still intact Little has changed in the building since the early 13th century ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN Bourges Cathedral Ultra French in type and remarkable for the absence of transepts and shortness in proportion to width Has great resemblance in plan to that of Notre Dame, Paris Beauvais Cathedral Was never completed west ward of the choir and transept and the site of the proposed nave was partly occupied by the Romanesque Church known as the “Basseuvre” Open work spire 500 ft. high over the crossing fell in 1573 It is the loftiest in Europe with a height of 157 ft. 6 in. to the vault. Bayeux Cathedral Remarkable for its twenty two chapels and immense crypt under the sanctuary, dating from the eight to the eleventh century Soissons Cathedral The church of a royal abbey of monks and nuns of high degree. Fully developed Early Gothic even in the part of the church, the south transept with apsidal end, clustered columns, narrow pointed arches and shafts which support the vaulting ribs. Le Mans Cathedral Remarkable for an austere nave in the Romanesque style and for the vast choir which is said to be larger than the whole of Cathedral of Soissons. Albi Cathedral A fortress like church consist of a large impressive vaulted hall which is the widest in France. With apsidal end, series of flanking chapels separated by internal buttresses, and an unrivaled thirteenth century rood screen.  COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FRENCH GOTHIC ENGLISH GOTHIC PLAN PLAN Cathedrals are short, wide and Cathedrals are long, narrow, and lofty low Length is four times the width Length is six times the width Cloisters are rare, except in the south, owing to the lay origin of Cloisters are usual, owing to the French Cathedrals monastic origin of many English Cathedrals. Transepts have slight projections or they are absent Transepts have bold projections and secondary chapels are found. AMIENS CATHEDRAL SALISBURY CATHEDRAL  Lateral chapels are numerous for Lateral chapels are rare in those the popular worship of saints and cathedrals which were design for the saying of masses. monks and not laity. The apsidal east end developed into The square east end replaced the the “chevet” by addition of apse. processional aisle and chapels. Aisles are single, both in sanctuary Aisles are sometimes double as at and nave with the exception of Notre Dame, Paris Chichester and Manchester Two western towers characteristic A central tower the predominant as at Paris (Rheims and Amiens) feature as at Gloucester and Central spires are common in Hereford Normandy, as at Rouen and Caen A single western steeple is usual in churches as at Heckington  Towers sometimes designed in Towers never exceeded three, two groups, Laon (7 towers) and Chartres western and one c entral as at (9 towers) Canterbury and Lincoln. Piers of nave arcades are widely Piers of nave arcades are closely spaced spaced. Chapter houses are rectangular Chapter houses are often WALLS polygonal Early buttresses were a development WALLS from Romanesque pilaster strips or Early buttresses have gabled heads were semi-circular, especially in as at Salisbury and Westminster apses Buttresses usually in stages with Buttresses often vertical offsets offsets.  Flying buttresses largely employed Flying buttresses are not so on account of height of nave and frequent because the nave with its width of double aisles. clearstory is comparatively low Interiors owe their effect largely to and there are no double aisles or great height, otherwise they are less “chevet”. ornate than English interior. Interiors owe much to the Parapets have open tracery elaboration of coupled piers, triforium, variety of clearstories The characteristic west front as that and ribbed vaulting of Notre Dame, Paris. Parapets are battlemented Characteristic west front as that of Wells Cathedral  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE ITALY ○ each city developed its own particular variations of the style ○ architectural solutions and technical innovations of French Gothic were seldom used ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES a. PLAN Nave arcades are widely spaced, the triforium usually omitted as at Florence and Milan Nave vaulting is frequently set out in square compartments as in Florence Cathedral and Certosa, Pavia Towers usually isolated, are square shafts without buttresses, continuing Romanesque tradition but often have beautiful surface ornament. The central tower diminishing in stages as at Milan Cathedral is an advance on the Romanesque churches NAVE ARCADE OF MILAN CATHEDRAL NAVE VAULT OF FLORENCE CATHEDRAL WALLS The absence of large windows obviated the necessity for projecting buttresses as the high walls were comparatively solid through out. Owing to the absence of vertical features with their shadows , flatness is the predominant characteristic of the walls. Façade are treated independently as decorative compositions and often have no relation to structure or roof behind. Marble was used in bands of two colors as at Sienna Cathedral. SIENA CATHEDRAL INTERIOR OF SIENA CATHEDRAL DOME OF SIENA CATHEDRAL OPENINGS Arcades as protection from the sun were generally consisted of slender columns with Corinthianesque capitals supporting slightly pointed arches Nave have widely spaced and lofty columns Doorways sometimes richly moulded and flanked by half columns in Orders have not the cavernous character of the French Gothic Windows are comparatively small have semi-circular or pointed arches and shafts with square capitals. The slender shaft are sometimes twisted and even inlaid with glass mosaic known as “cosmato work”. ROOFS Are low in pitch being scarcely visible from below the façade Sometimes a single gable covers the whole façade and indicates the influence of Roman temple pediment The steep gables and elaborate faced were sometimes adopted from Northern Europe and hide the flat Italian roof Iron or timber tie beams were often used instead of buttresses It is believed that there are only seven buildings in Italy with buttresses COLUMNS The piers of arcade in churches usually consist of four pilasters combined back to back. Columns with capitals and bases recalling Roman were also used but the gradual evolution of pier design is also noticeable ORNAMENTS Opaque wall decoration in fresco and mosaic was preferred to translucent stained glass. Carvings and sculpture inherited the refinement of Classical times.  INTERIOR OF THE BASILICA OF SAN FRANCESCO DE ASSISI INTERIOR OF PHARMA CATHEDRAL  IRON IN GOTHIC BUILDINGS INTERIOR OF ORVIETO CATHEDRAL  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Saint Maria del Fiore, Italy Better known as the Duomo Renowned for its incredible dome, built by Filippo Brunenelleschi While construction began in 1296 in the Gothic style, the structure wasn’t complete until 1436. The multicolor façade you see today was completed in 1887 in the neo- Gothic style ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Milan Cathedral, Italy The largest church in Italy that took 600 years to complete Unlike most Gothic cathedrals, which have two towers in front, Milan’s Cathedral has quite a unique silhouette, being covered in many small pinnacles ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN CERTOSA PAVIA A famous Carthusian monastery Was commenced by Giovanni Galeazzo Visconti and forms a splendid memorial of the Milan Dynasty. Latin cross in plan and similar to many German churches in the triapsal terminations to sanctuary and transepts. SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA A seven-domed pilgrimage church resembling S. Mark, Venice in general conception. The nave is in square bays covered with domes on pendentives which are also placed over the crossing, transepts, and choir beyond which is an apse and chevet with nine radiating chapels similar to that of churches in France Doge’s Palace, Venice The façade of which was designed by Giovanni and Bartolome Buon. Is the grandest effort in civic architecture of the period. Material evidence of the proud position of Venice as a great trading community  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE ENGLAND NORMAN (1066 to 1154 AD) ○ Includes the raising of most of major Romanesque churches and castles TRANSITIONAL (1154 to 1189 AD) ○ Pointed arches in Romanesque structures EARLY ENGLISH (1189 to 1307 AD) ○ Equivalent to High Gothic in France ○ Also called "Lancet" or "First Pointed" style, from long narrow pointed windows DECORATED (1307 to 1377 AD) ○ Window tracery is "Geometrical" in form, and later, flowing tracery patterns and curvilinear surface pattern ○ Also called "Second Pointed", equivalent to French "Flamboyant" style ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE ENGLAND PERPENDICULAR (1377 to 1485 AD) ○ Also called "Rectilinear“ or "Third Pointed" TUDOR (1495 to 1558 AD) ○ Increasing application of Renaissance detail ELIZABETHAN (1558 to 1603 AD) ○ Renaissance ideas take strong hold ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Westminster Abbey, London Constructed in 1245 ordered by Henry III, as his burial spot It is now the site of British coronations and many royal weddings Most important medieval building in Britain Founded by S. Dunstan in 960 and partly rebuilt by Edward the Confessor but the greater part was reconstructed on a grandeur scale by Henry III ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN SALISBURY CATHEDRAL Characteristic of English Gothic as Amiens in France Central spire 123.00 m in height is the loftiest in England YORK CATHEDRAL Largest in both area and width, 32.00 m with in the walls of any English medieval cathedral Transepts remarkable for beauty of moulding and the Five Sisters- a name given to Lancet windows of north transept each 15.00m high and 1.50 m wide.  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE Canterbury Cathedral, UK Famous from Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales the present day cathedral is a product of series of addition and renovation. ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN Cloisters EXETER CATHEDRAL The finest specimen of Decorated Style and rich in varied tracery and curved stone work. BANGOR CATHEDRAL Repeatedly destroyed. Present day church which suffered much during the Civil War Thoroughly restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott.  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE SPAIN Strong Moorish influences: the use of horseshoe arches and rich surface decoration of intricate geometrical and flowing patterns Churches had flat exterior appearance, due to chapels inserted between buttresses Excessive ornament, without regard to constructive character ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN PLANS Cathedral plans are of great width and comparative shortness and “coro” or choir is generally in the nave. Chapels are numerous, often surrounding the whole cathedral and the “paroquia” or parish church is sometimes included in the cathedral area. The “cimborio” at the crossing of the nave and transept is similar to that of France. The characteristic octagonal vaults over the crossing and chapels, intricate in design is propably due to Moorish influence. WALLS French wall treatment was followed Fantastic surface ornament was due to Moorish influence OPENINGS Arcades were of special service to form an effective screen against the sun were numerous. The early use of pointed arch in nave arcades is another feature due to Moorish influence Doorways are French in design with sculptured figures and luxuriant capitals ROOF Vaulting was freely used but the quality is not comparable to English vaulting. Vaults were often without external wooden roofs found in other countries. COLUMNS The massive piers supporting the lantern over crossing are circular in plan and contrast with the octagonal piers of S. Sernin, Toulouse. The circular piers is often used with their fine shaft articulation resembling their French counterpart. MOULDINGS Refinement is not the usual characteristic and most borrowed from their French counterpart SEVILLE CATHEDRAL The largest Medieval cathedral in Europe, is, with exemption of St. Peter’s Rome, the largest church in the world It owes its plan and size with the double nave, double aisles and side chapels The nave which is 45 ft. wide is nearly half as wide as Westminster Abbey Seville Cathedral (1402 to 1520 AD) GERONA CATHEDRAL An example where buttresses have internal chapels between them Has no aisles and the nave 73 ft. wide has the widest Gothic vault in Europe Similar in plan with Albi Cathedral.  ALTAR AND EASTERN END BURGOS CATHEDRAL Irregular in plan The most poetic of all Spanish Cathedrals Two western towers recalls that of Cologne Cathedral  DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY - CANDABA CAMPUS BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE GERMANY, BELGIUM AND THE NETHERLANDS In Germany, the chief influence came from France, not from German Romanesque In Belgium and The Netherlands, it was based on French Gothic, developing the Brabantine style ARHIST 213 PREPARED BY: AR. C. DE GUZMAN PLAN Church plans are of special type and the large number were derived from German Romanesque churches with apsidal ends. Apses are found in both east and west Entrances are often small and insignificant and located in north and south, not east and west. WALLS Apsidal galleries of the Romanesque style were reproduced Tracery was employed in outer and inner wall surfaces Towers with spires were much used Open tracery spires are favorite features OPENINGS Nave arcades in “hall churches” were necessarily lofty owing to the height of the aisles Doorways though unimportant are sometimes elaborated with sculpture Clearstory windows were employed. Tracery was much elaborated and double traceried windows are not uncommon. ROOFS Vaulting was excellent both in proportion and construction The special German feature is the immense roof of the “hall church” which, in one span covers the nave and lofty aisles. COLUMNS Nave piers was used in preference to columns of French Gothic type Capitals are frequently carved and exhibit skill in technique rather than design MOULDINGS Mouldings particularly of the later period indicate a desire for intricacy rather than simplicity. ORNAMENTS Sculpture was carried out much as in France and the triangular porch with its saints on columns beneath a traceried canopies occasionally lavished in decoration. Ulm Minster, State of Baden-Württemberg (Germany) HALL CHURCHES Had a different look: Nave and aisle of same height One or two immense and ornate western towers or apse, in place of sculptured doorway Brick-work and simplified ornamentation ST. ELIZABETH'S CHURCH, MARBURG, GERMANY A typical hall church in which the nave and the aisle are of equal height thus there is no clearstory and triforium Flying buttresses are unnecessary and the interior has the appearance of a large columned hall COLOGNE CATHEDRAL The largest Gothic Church in Northern Europe covering about 9,000 sq. ft. ANTWERP CATHEDRAL The most impressive church in Belgium Remarkable for nave and triple aisles, narrow transepts. West front has an immense tower and spire 400 ft. high