Introduction to Preventive Dentistry PDF

Introduction to Preventive Dentistry BY: Dr. Nagham Khoury ‫سنية‬ ‫ اعتمد تدبير النخور ال ّ‬ ‫سابقاً وبشكلً كبيرً على مبدأ‬ ‫‪ G.V.BLACK.‬وهو‪" :‬التمديد‬ ‫بهدف الوقاية"“ ‪Extension‬‬ ‫”‪.for prevention‬‬ Construction with conservation".  Definition Pr...

Introduction to Preventive Dentistry BY: Dr. Nagham Khoury ‫سنية‬ ‫ اعتمد تدبير النخور ال ّ‬ ‫سابقاً وبشكلً كبيرً على مبدأ‬ ‫‪ G.V.BLACK.‬وهو‪" :‬التمديد‬ ‫بهدف الوقاية"“ ‪Extension‬‬ ‫”‪.for prevention‬‬ Construction with conservation".  Definition Prevention is defined as “ actions taken prior to the onset of disease, which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur History of Preventive Dentistry History of Preventive Dentistry In the first three decades: Great emphasis was placed on oral hygiene. In the fourth and fifth decade: Anticarious effect of fluorides was established. Water fluoridation and topical fluoridation started In the sixth decade. In the seventh decade: Fluoride toothpastes, mouthwashes, rinses, gels & varnishes became popular ,Pit and fissure sealants were also used widely. Objectives of Prevention To avoid initiation of disease process To intercept their progress To control their spread To limit their complications and after effects To provide rehabilitation Scope of preventive dentistry Factors predisposing to disease e.g. – Dental plaque & other deposits Factors encouraging the advancement of disease e.g. – host resistance Complication of disease & deformity e.g. – Loosening, Drifting of teeth Factors interfering with rehabilitation e.g.- Defective restorative dentistry Factors causing recurrence of disease e.g. - poor oral hygiene , lack of patient motivation Successful prevention Levels of Prevention  Prevention of emergence or development of risk factors in countries or Primordial Prevention population groups in which they have not yet appeared e.g. – efforts directed towards discouraging children from adopting harmful life styles Here the main intervention is by individual and mass education  Defined as “Action taken prior to onset of disease which removes the possibility that a disease will ever occur” Primary prevention Phase of intervention: PRE- PATHOGENESIS PHASE Specific causal factors (risk factors) are already present. Modes of intervention for primary prevention  Defined as “Action which halts the progress of disease in its incipient stage and prevent complications. ” PATHOGENESIS PHASE - Initiated by government Health programes are at this level.  Tertiary prevention Defined as “All measures available to reduce or limit impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering caused by existing departures from good health to promote patients adjustment to irremediable conditions ”. LATE PATHOGENESIS PHASE  Health promotion Defined as a “process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve health.” It involves “organizational , political , social and economic interventions designed to facilitate environment and behavioral adaptations that will improve or protect health”  One of most cost-effective intervention. Adequate information about diseases and encouraging people to take necessary precautions in time. Health education Target group for educational efforts include General public, patients, high risk groups, community leaders , decision makers , health providers.  The history of medicine – many infectious diseases have been successfully controlled in Environmental western countries through this intervention. modifications Non- clinical and do not involve the physician. Examples: * Provision of safe drinking water *Improvement of housing * Control of insects and rodents *Community water fluoridation  Examples: Nutritional *Food distribution & interventions nutrition improvement of vulnerable groups *Child feeding programes *Dietary counseling Lifestyle and behavioural changes Examples: Motivating people to avoid smoking, pan- chewing and drinking alcohol.  Specific protection To avoid disease all together is the ideal but this is possible only in limited number of cases.  Role of public health dentist in prevention Identify and define the problem and risk groups Involve appropriate preventive measures Evaluate the applied program.