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# Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) **Associative Learning** * **Unconditioned Response (UCR):** A reflex. Example: Salivation of a dog when it sees food. * **Conditioned Response (CR):** Conditioned response; triggered by the CS because the CS is now associated with the UCS. Example: Running to th...

# Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) **Associative Learning** * **Unconditioned Response (UCR):** A reflex. Example: Salivation of a dog when it sees food. * **Conditioned Response (CR):** Conditioned response; triggered by the CS because the CS is now associated with the UCS. Example: Running to the kitchen. * **Conditioned Stimulus (CS):** Previously neutral stimulus that becomes associated with the UCS, usually after repeated pairing with UCS. Example: Sound of a can opener. * **Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS):** Food (reward). * **Reinforcement:** Consequences of a behavior increase the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated. * **Punishment:** Consequences of a behavior decrease the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated. * **Generalization:** When stimuli similar to the CS evoke a CR. * **Discrimination:** When a stimulus does not evoke a CR. # Operant Conditioning **Learning by attending to Consequences of Behavior** * **Thorndike's Law of Effect:** Any behavior followed by a satisfying state of affairs is likely to be repeated. * **Positive Reinforcement:** Behavior will occur in the future (e.g., applause). * **Negative Reinforcement:** Behavior will occur in the future (removal of stimulus). Example: ringing of a doorbell repeatedly, stopping the noise. * **Positive Punishment:** Behavior less likely to occur in the future (giving something you don't want). * **Negative Punishment:** Behavior less likely to occur in the future (taking away something you want).