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# Divisions in Religion and Politics **Guiding Question:** How did disputes and wars change societies in Europe during the Late Middle Ages? **The Black Death** * People at the time did not know why the plague had happened. * Some people thought God was punishing them for their sins. * Others bla...

# Divisions in Religion and Politics **Guiding Question:** How did disputes and wars change societies in Europe during the Late Middle Ages? **The Black Death** * People at the time did not know why the plague had happened. * Some people thought God was punishing them for their sins. * Others blamed the Jews. * The plague had an enormous effect on Europe's economy, with trade declining, wages rising, and food prices falling. * Landlords had to pay more for scarce workers. * Some peasants began paying rent instead of providing services. * Serfs gained more rights. * The Black Death weakened feudalism. **Conflict in the Church** * From 1378 to 1417, the Great Schism (SIH. zuhm) divided the Church. * During this time, two or even three church leaders claimed to be the rightful pope. * This caused confusion and doubt in Western Europe. * In 1417, a council of bishops met at Constance, Germany and ended the Great Schism by electing a pope. * Powerful European kings questioned the authority of popes. * Many people criticized the growing wealth and corruption of the clergy. * Reform leaders emerged who called on church leaders to return to a more spiritual form of Christianity, including John Wycliffe in England and Jan Hus in the Holy Roman Empire. **The Hundred Years' War (1346-1453)** * A detailed map is included to show the English and French territories in 1400. The map shows the location of important battles that took place. **Critical Thinking Questions** 1. **Location:** When was the Battle of Bordeaux fought? 2. **Speculating:** Why do you think the French and English would remain at war for 100 years? **Extra Practice** * The Black Death inspired art and literature. * **Critical Thinking:** Analyze visuals. Why do you think the artist portrayed skeletons collecting the bodies of the dead? (This is implied by the image caption, not explicitly stated in the document) **Image Description:** A page from a textbook or workbook presents historical information about the Middle Ages, focusing on the Black Death and conflicts in the Church. Included is a detailed map illustrating geographical locations and territorial disputes. The content explores the societal impact of these events. The page presents a painting of a scene with skeletons on a cart, conveying the widespread impact of the plague.