PCI-10.pdf Volatile Metals PDF

group II-b 10 VOLATILE metals VOLATILE METALS Zinc Family Metals have relatively low melting points Zinc Cadmium Mercury Property: Exhibit auto-complexation Only Zn is amphoteric ZINC 2nd most important trace element in the body Present in Insulin...

group II-b 10 VOLATILE metals VOLATILE METALS Zinc Family Metals have relatively low melting points Zinc Cadmium Mercury Property: Exhibit auto-complexation Only Zn is amphoteric ZINC 2nd most important trace element in the body Present in Insulin stabilizes and increase shelf-life Essential component of Carbonic Anhydrase & other enzymes Deficiency state: Parakeratosis of the skin Impaired immunity Toxicity state: Metal Fume Fever Antidote: Baking soda ZINC CHLORIDE aka Butter of Zinc, Burnett's Disinfecting Fluid Deliquescent Uses: Antiseptic found in mouthwashes Astring-O-Sol® (Original Formula) Dentin desensitising agent Lucas Reagent component (ZnCl2 in HC1)  ZINC OXIDE Pharmaceutical: Flowers of Zinc, Zinc White Component of Lassar's Paste Mild antiseptic, astringent topical protectant Physical Sunblock (Opacity) High Refractive Index  ZINC SULFIDE white lotion ingredient Zinc sulfate + Sulfurated potash Only "white sulfide" Lithopone : 30% ZnS, 70% BaS Uses Parasiticide topical protectant Antiseptic  ZINC SULFATE ZING-EUGENOL CEMENT ZnS04 7H20 Dental protective aka White Vitriol, Zinc Vitriol Source of Eugenol: Clove oil Used as ophthalmic astringent Toothache drops; Dental analgesic 0.25% only approved OTC ophthalmic astringent HYDRATED ZINC SILICATE Natural Calamine Use: Topical protectant cadmium Pharmacologic action: Astringent Other use: Manufacture of Stink Bomb Cd Toxicity: Itai-Itai disease Japan) Common source of cadmium: Cigarette smoking Antidote: BAL/Dimercaprol or EDTA  CADMIUM COMPOUNDS 1. CADMIUM CHLORIDE Emetic Used for Tinea/Ring Worm infections 2. CADMIUM SULFIDE Only yellow sulfide Anti-seborrheic agent Capsebon® = CdS + CaCl 3. CADMIUM SULFATE Topical astringent Ophthalmic antiseptic mercury aka Quicksilver, Messenger of gods, Liquid Silver The only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature Toxicity: Organic Hg > Inorganic Hg Hg Diseases: Pink's Disease Acrodynia, Hydrargyria or Erethism Organic Hg Toxicity - Minamata Disease Most toxic (Crosses BBB - Brain Damage); Mutagenic Antidote: SODIUM FORMALDEHYDE SULFOXYLATE MERCUROUS CHLORIDE aka Calomel, Mild Mercury Chloride Hg2C12 Cathartic Black Lotion: Calomel + Lime Water MERCURic CHLORIDE aka Corrosive sublimate, Mercury Bichloride HgCl2 Disinfectant Antisyphilitic  MERCURY IODIDES 1. Mercurous Iodide Treatment of Syphilis 2. Mercuric Iodide Stimulant of indolent/painless ulcers 3. Mercury Potassium Iodide Mayer's Reagent  MERCURIC OXIDE 'Yellow precipitate' Ophthalmic anti-infective AMMONIATED MERCURY aka Mercuric amidochloride, non-fusible white precipitate HgNH-Cl Mild topical antiseptic boron Industrial Use: Vulcanizing rubber Boron (as borate) DECREASES coefficient of expansion of glass BORIC ACID BORAX H3BO3 Na2B407. 10H20 aka sal sativum Borax Toxicity: lobster appearance Dobell's solution Uses: Uses: Germicide eyewash (ophthalmic Antiseptic soln 2%) Throat and nose wash Antiseptic Wet dressing for wounds Tonicity adjusting agent ALUMINUM Most Abundant Metal 3rd most abundant element Amphoteric Thin Al foil used to treat burns Al compounds - antacid, antiperspirant, deodorant Toxicity (Inhalational): Shaver's Disease Neurotoxin (brain) Exposure to Bauxite fumes: Bauxite Pneumoconiosis ALUMINUM CHLORIDE AlC13 6H2O Lewis Acid Uses: Astringent, Antiseptic, Deodorant & Antiperspirant: As Antiperspirant Driclor®-25% A1C13 for Hyperhidrosis "Perspirant stain" = Sweat + A13+ Removal: Na2C03, (x) Iron Washing ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE Gastric antacid & protectant Phosphagel® Amphogel® Cremalin Gel Uses: Side effects: Gastric antacid Constipation Demulcent Phosphate deficiency Astringent Adv: Do not interfere with phosphate ALUMINUM carbonate Basal Gel® Treatment of phosphatic calculi Promotes elimination of phosphate via fecal route ALUMINA Aluminum Oxide Use: Treatment of silicosis Al203  aluminum silicate 1. Kaolin aka Porcelain clay, Bolus alba, China Clay or White bole Native Hydrated Aluminum Silicate Use: Adsorbent and Treatment diarrhea 2. Bentonite aka Soapclay, Mineral soap, WILHINITE Native colloidal hydrated aluminum silicate Suspending agent  aluminum silicate 3. pumice Substance of volcanic origin Abrasive 4. Feldspar Potassium Aluminum Silicate Most common rock gallium Eka-Aluminum Melts at near body temperature (29.75°C) Ga'+ similar to Fe3+ Treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia by binding with transferrin (as Gallium nitrate) THALLIUM Thallus (budding twig, Green spectral lines) 2nd Most toxic metal Used formerly as ant poison, insecticide