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Questions and Answers
Which metal in the group II-b exhibits amphoteric properties?
What is a common effect of zinc deficiency?
What condition can zinc toxicity cause?
Which compound can be used as an antidote for cadmium toxicity?
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Which of the following is a use of Zinc Chloride?
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What is a primary characteristic of Zinc Oxide?
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Which compound is known to be a topical protectant and is derived from zinc?
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Cadmium toxicity is linked primarily to exposure through which of the following sources?
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What is a characteristic use of Cadmium Sulfide?
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Which of the following compounds is known for being a dental analgesic?
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What is the main therapeutic use of cadmium sulfate?
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Which mercury compound is known as Calomel?
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What disease is most closely associated with organic mercury poisoning?
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What is the primary function of boric acid in medicinal use?
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Aluminum is considered amphoteric. What does this imply?
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Which mercury compound is specifically known as a disinfectant?
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What is the primary use of aluminum chloride in personal care products?
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What potential side effect is associated with aluminum hydroxide as a gastric antacid?
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Which of the following is classified as a stimulant of indolent ulcers?
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What condition is primarily associated with exposure to bauxite fumes?
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Study Notes
Volatile Metals
- Volatile metals have relatively low melting points.
- Volatile metals include zinc, cadmium, and mercury.
- Volatile metals exhibit auto-complexation.
- Only zinc is amphoteric.
Zinc
- Zinc is the second most important trace element in the body.
- Zinc stabilizes insulin and increases its shelf life.
- Zinc is an essential component of carbonic anhydrase and other enzymes.
- Zinc deficiency leads to parakeratosis of the skin and impaired immunity.
- Zinc toxicity causes metal fume fever.
- Baking soda is an antidote for zinc toxicity.
Zinc Chloride
- Zinc chloride is also known as Butter of Zinc or Burnett's Disinfecting Fluid.
- Zinc chloride is deliquescent.
- Zinc chloride is an antiseptic found in mouthwashes, Astring-O-Sol®, and dentin desensitizing agents.
- Zinc chloride is a component of Lucas Reagent.
Zinc Oxide
- Zinc oxide is also known as Flowers of Zinc or Zinc White.
- Zinc oxide is a component of Lassar's paste.
- Zinc oxide is a mild antiseptic, astringent, and topical protectant.
- Zinc oxide is a physical sunblock due to its opacity and high refractive index.
Zinc Sulfide
- Zinc sulfide is an ingredient in white lotion.
- Zinc sulfide is made by combining zinc sulfate with sulfurated potash.
- Lithopone is a mixture of 30% zinc sulfide and 70% barium sulfide.
- Zinc sulfide is used as a parasiticide, topical protectant, and antiseptic.
Zinc Sulfate
- Zinc sulfate is also known as White Vitriol or Zinc Vitriol.
- Zinc sulfate is used as an ophthalmic astringent.
- Only a 0.25% solution of zinc sulfate is approved for over-the-counter use as an ophthalmic astringent.
Zinc-Eugenol Cement
- Zinc-Eugenol cement is used for dental protection.
- Eugenol is derived from clove oil.
Hydrated Zinc Silicate
- Hydrated Zinc Silicate is also known as Natural Calamine.
- Hydrated Zinc Silicate is used as a topical protectant.
Cadmium
- Cadmium has an astringent pharmacologic action.
- Cadmium is used in the manufacture of stink bombs.
- Cadmium toxicity causes Itai-Itai disease.
- Cigarette smoking is a common source of cadmium exposure.
- BAL (dimercaprol) or EDTA are antidotes for cadmium toxicity.
Cadmium Compounds
- Cadmium chloride is an emetic and is used to treat tinea or ringworm infections.
- Cadmium sulfide is the only yellow sulfide, and is an anti-seborrheic agent.
- Capsebon® is a combination of cadmium sulfide and calcium chloride.
- Cadmium sulfate is a topical astringent and ophthalmic antiseptic.
Mercury
- Mercury is also known as Quicksilver, Messenger of the Gods, or Liquid Silver.
- Mercury is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature.
- Organic mercury is more toxic than inorganic mercury.
- Mercury toxicity can cause Pink's disease, Acrodynia, or Hydrargyria (Erethism).
- Organic mercury toxicity causes Minamata Disease.
- Minamata Disease is caused by organic mercury crossing the blood-brain barrier, leading to brain damage and mutagens.
- Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is an antidote for mercury toxicity.
Mercurous Chloride
- Mercurous chloride is also known as Calomel or Mild Mercury Chloride.
- Mercurous chloride is a cathartic.
- Black lotion is a mixture of calomel and lime water.
Mercuric Chloride
- Mercuric chloride is also known as Corrosive Sublimate or Mercury Bichloride.
- Mercuric chloride is a disinfectant and antisyphilitic.
Mercury Iodides
- Mercurous iodide was used for the treatment of syphilis.
- Mercuric iodide stimulated indolent and painless ulcers.
- Mercury potassium iodide is known as Mayer's Reagent.
Mercuric Oxide
- Mercuric oxide is also known as "yellow precipitate."
- Mercuric oxide is an ophthalmic anti-infective.
Ammoniated Mercury
- Ammoniated Mercury is also known as Mercuric Amidochloride or Non-fusible White Precipitate.
- Ammoniated Mercury is a mild topical antiseptic.
Boron
- Boron is used industrially for vulcanizing rubber.
- Boron (as borate) lowers the coefficient of expansion of glass.
Boric Acid
- Boric acid is also known as Sal Sativum.
- Boric acid is toxic, creating a "lobster appearance" in cases of toxicity.
- Boric acid is used as a germicide in eyewashes (2% ophthalmic solution), antiseptic, and tonicity adjusting agent.
Borax
- Borax is also known as Sodium tetraborate decahydrate.
- Borax is an antiseptic and is used for throat and nose washes, as well as wet dressings for wounds.
- Dobell's solution is a borax-based solution.
Aluminum
- Aluminum is the most abundant metal and the third most abundant element.
- Aluminum is amphoteric.
- Thin aluminum foil is used to treat burns.
- Aluminum compounds are used as antacids, antiperspirants, and deodorants.
- Aluminum exposure can cause Shaver's Disease.
- Aluminum is a neurotoxin that affects the brain.
- Exposure to bauxite fumes can cause Bauxite Pneumoconiosis.
Aluminum Chloride
- Aluminum chloride hexahydrate is a Lewis acid.
- Aluminum chloride is used as an astringent, antiseptic, deodorant, and antiperspirant.
- Driclor® is a 25% aluminum chloride solution used for hyperhidrosis.
- Perspirant stains are caused by sweat reacting with aluminum ions.
- Sodium carbonate and iron washing can remove perspirant stains.
Aluminum Hydroxide
- Aluminum hydroxide is used as a gastric antacid and protectant.
- Aluminum hydroxide is found in Amphogel® and Cremalin Gel.
- Aluminum hydroxide can cause side effects like constipation and phosphate deficiency.
Aluminum Phosphate
- Aluminum phosphate is found in Phosphagel®.
- Aluminum phosphate is used as a gastric antacid, demulcent, and astringent.
- Aluminum phosphate does not interfere with phosphate levels.
Aluminum Carbonate
- Aluminum carbonate is found in Basal Gel®.
- Aluminum carbonate is used in the treatment of phosphatic calculi.
- Aluminum carbonate promotes the elimination of phosphate via the fecal route.
Alumina
- Alumina is also known as aluminum oxide (Al2O3).
- Alumina is used in the treatment of silicosis.
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Description
This quiz covers the properties and significance of volatile metals, focusing particularly on zinc. Explore the roles of zinc in the body, its compounds like zinc chloride and zinc oxide, and the implications of zinc deficiency and toxicity. Test your knowledge on these essential elements in chemistry.
