Horticulture Notes PDF

# OULUMALHAYAH AGRICULTURE - **Second Level Faculty of Agriculture** - **الإنتاج النباتي** (Plant Production) - **المستوى الثاني كلية الزراعة** (Second Level Faculty of Agriculture) ## Horticulture - **Horticulture** is a branch of plant production that includes crops with special characteristic...

# OULUMALHAYAH AGRICULTURE - **Second Level Faculty of Agriculture** - **الإنتاج النباتي** (Plant Production) - **المستوى الثاني كلية الزراعة** (Second Level Faculty of Agriculture) ## Horticulture - **Horticulture** is a branch of plant production that includes crops with special characteristics that require special care and technical expertise. - It is considered intensive cultivation. - Most of the crops are grown in their natural state. ### Branches of Horticulture - **Fruits** - Fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants are the most expensive in the world, including: - **Citrus Fruits:** These are some varieties of oranges, lemons, grapefruits, tangerines, etc. - **Fragrant Plants:** These are aromatic species, which are mainly used to extract their oils and perfumes. - **Medicinal Plants:** These are plants known for their medicinal properties. - **Vegetables** - **Perennials** - **Herbs** - **Landscaping** ### **Importance of Stimulating Horticultural Exports** - Employing a large number of workers. - Gathering small industries. - Improving product characteristics. - A source of hard currency income. ## Reproduction - Reproduction is an increase in the number of living organisms. - **Importance of Reproduction** - Producing new individuals of the same species to expand cultivation. - Protecting species from extinction. - Maintaining desired traits in terms of both vegetative and fruiting characteristics. ### Methods of Reproduction - **Sexual Reproduction** (Sexual) - Occurs through the fertilization of the male and female gametes. - The plants in which self-pollination is widespread include: - Tomatoes - Bush beans - Peaches - **Asexual Reproduction** (Vegetative) - Any part of the plant, except for the sexual embryo. - Often consists of identical individuals, which are a clone of the parent plant. ## Problems of Seed Reproduction - Small size of potato tubers in the first season. - Long initial growth period in perennial plants. ## Uses of Seed Reproduction - Increase in the number of plants to be used for grafting to produce fruit trees. - Multiplication of many cultivars in crops with difficult cultivation conditions. - Government distribution of seedlings, fruit trees, and ornamental plants. - Government distribution of seeds for vegetables, ornamental plants, and annual crops.