Road Transportation - Introduction (Week 4) PDF

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY College of Hospitality and Institutional Management ________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT SERVICES COURSE MODULE...

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY College of Hospitality and Institutional Management ________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORT SERVICES COURSE MODULE WEEK / SESSION Land Transportation 4 Road Transport: Automobile Travel Session Goals □ Read and understand week discussion sheet □ Read required reading materials and view added supplementary videos □ Participate in synchronous discussion □ Participate in canvas discussion board □ Accomplish and submit necessary session assessments and tasks Course Outcomes At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to: 1. Discuss the brief history of road transportation. 2. Recognize the importance of recreational vehicle and car rental industry 3. Identify the significance of road transport to tourism WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP  Discussion Sheet A car (or automobile) is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation. Most definitions of car say they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four tires, and mainly transport people rather than goods.  Most of the travel in the world takes place in the automobile. In the US, auto travel is an integral part of the travel industry with 79% of U. S. domestic person-trips taken by car, truck, camper/recreation vehicle or rental car.  Car traveling is usually an independent mean of transport where the traveler decides the route and the length of the trip. It is usually cheaper since roads fees are not directly paid and provided as a public. It is the only transportation mode that does not require transfers, in the sense that the whole journey, from door to door can be achieved.  Car transport is the dominant mode in world tourism (77% of all journeys), notably because of advantages such as flexibility, price, and independence. Reasons why automobile are the most popular mode of transport: 1. Affordability 2. Flexibility 3. Convenience 4. Personal Control Because passenger car registrations continue to increase worldwide, motor vehicles will continue to be the dominant mode of transportation for decades to come. Brief History of Automobile  1769 - The first steam-powered automobile capable of human transportation was built by Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot.  1808 - François Isaac de Rivaz designed the first car powered by an internal combustion engine fueled by hydrogen.  1870 - Siegfried Marcus built the first gasoline powered combustion engine, which he placed on a pushcart, building four progressively more sophisticated combustion-engine cars over a 10-to-15-year span that influenced later cars.  1873 - One of the first "real" automobiles was produced by Frenchman Amédée Bollée WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP   1885 - Karl Benz developed a petrol or gasoline powered automobile. This is also considered to be the first "production" vehicle as Benz made several other identical copies. The automobile was powered by a single cylinder four-stroke engine.  1913 - The Ford Model T of Henry Ford, created by the Ford Motor Company five years prior, became the first automobile to be mass-produced on a moving assembly line.  1927 - Ford had produced over 15,000,000 Model T automobiles.  Electric vehicles first appeared in the mid-19th century.  At the beginning of the 21st century, interest in electric and other alternative fuel vehicles has increased due to growing concern over the problems associated with hydrocarbon-fueled vehicles, including damage to the environment caused by their emissions, and the sustainability of the current hydrocarbon-based transportation infrastructure as well as improvements in electric vehicle technology. The growth of car ownership necessitated road improvements  The United States federal government participated in the construction and maintenance of roads when it passed an act in 1916, matching state appropriations for new roads  It was climaxed by the Interstate Act in 1949 which allowed traveler to move coast to coast, border to border  1930’s – German constructed their network of autobannen, these four-lane divided highways were the world’s first high speed roads  1940 - the first turnpike was built in Pennsylvania  The automobile stimulated tourism by creating attractions along tourist routes made accessible by the automobile Two important aspects of automobile travel are recreational vehicles and car rentals  1918 - Car rental industry began when a Chicago Ford dealer started to rent secondhand model T’s  1924 – the company was bought by John D. Hertz, the founder of yellow Cab Company  1946 – Avis, the biggest competitor of Hertz was founded by a retired US Air Force officer, Warren E. Avis. Avis specialized in airport rental locations  1948 – Avis started downtown rental locations  It was during the same period that National Car Rental was organized WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP   Four companies that dominated the US market : Hertz, Avis, Budget and National  Other companies: Alamo, Dollar, Thrifty and General  1960’s and early 1970’s can be attributed to the introduction of fly/drive concept Recreational Vehicles The recreational vehicle (RV) deserves special mention because according to the Recreation Vehicle Industry Association (RVIA), there are currently 8.3 million RVs on the road in the United States. RVers travel an average of 4,500 miles per year, spending 26 days in their vehicle. In Canada, privately owned RVs are at 500,000 to 850,000. While the RV market has had its ups and downs because of events such as the energy crisis, the recession and the Iraq war, the market for recreation vehicles is huge, with sales ranging from $8 billion to $14 billion a year. A recreational vehicle, often abbreviated as RV, is a motor vehicle or trailer which includes living quarters designed for accommodation. Types of RVs include motorhomes, campervans, caravans (also known as travel trailers and camper trailers), fifth-wheel trailers, popup campers and truck campers. Typical amenities of an RV include a kitchen, a bathroom, and one or more sleeping facilities. RVs can range from the utilitarian — containing only sleeping quarters and basic cooking facilities — to the luxurious, with features like air conditioning (AC), water heaters, televisions and satellite receptors, and quartz countertops, for example. RVs can either be trailers (which are towed behind motor vehicles) or self- motorized. Most RVs are single-deck; however, double-deck RVs also exist. To allow a more compact size while in transit, larger RVs often have expandable sides, called slide-outs, or canopies. Travel agencies around the world are responding to the demand by including RV rental information in their customer brochures. An estimated half million overseas visitor a year rent RVs. WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP  Car Rental Industry An important aspect of automobile travel is the rental car industry, whose growth has been paralleling or exceeding the growth in air travel. While there is no question about the rental car business having use by businesses, it also has substantial vacation use and frequent combine-trip use Air travel is critical to the car rental business as airport revenues account for much of overall car rentals in the United States. Hertz is the airport market leader with about 25 percent of the airport rental business. Key Markets - Global operating car rental companies sell their services directly to: 1. The Public 2. Travel Agent (individual and chains) 3. Airlines 4. Specialized car rental brokers – the brokers resell to the travel trade; the legal contract however remains between the client and the car rental company, broker and travel trade act only as intermediaries. There are two main markets to car rental: business and leisure. As travel agent, you have four main partners: 1. Car rental companies 2. Tour operators 3. Car brokers 4. Airlines Vehicle and Vehicles Matrix Code To make it easy for booking agents to define the vehicles requested by each customer, there is the vehicles matrix code and outlined in the trade practice Standard Interline Passengers Procedures (SIPP). Carmaster, Galileo’s car rental program, uses globally recognized standard codes to define car groups. Each character in the 4-character Vehicle Code represents characteristics of the vehicles. The expanded matrix makes it possible to have over 400 vehicle types. The car codes are created by selecting one character from each column and combining them into a 4 character car code. WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP  Example – CCMN is a compact car/ 2 or 4 door / manual transmission / no air- conditioning Any card can be described by a combination of four letters. This matrix is an international standard and universally used by all computer reservation system (CRS) and global distribution system (GDS) as well as in car rental documents such as vouchers. Extra Amenities Cars can be equipped according to your client’s particular needs or for particular road conditions in certain areas, such as: 1. Toddler and baby car seats 2. Roof luggage racks 3. Ski / winter equipment – including ski rack, ice scrapers, all weather or snow tires and snow chains 4. Computer navigation systems 5. Mobile telephone Special Request and Services Special physical challenged or handicapped drivers, services such as designated parking at car rental stations and easy access transfer buses in airport locations are provided. Special reservations code apply and special equipment is usually available on request for particular passenger equipment. WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP  Chauffeur-driven vehicles are recommended in difficult terrain, in countries where people drive on the other side of the road than at home and in countries whose language differs from the tourist. Chauffeurs often serve also as a tour guide and aides in difficult situations. Costs vary from country according to general salary levels. It is usually worth the extra expense unless one has a strong desire to drive. Insurance The only general rule is that cars usually do not come with insurance. Insurance options depend on the rate type and program booked. Maintenance The major car rental companies operate on fleet quality program. They check their vehicle after each rental. Normal wear and tear is included in the rental fees. However, petrol is the client concern. Three ways handling petrol cost have involved over the last few years and clients usually have a choice of scheme at the pick-up rental location. o Bring the tank back full o Leave the filling up to a rental company and pay more than the fuel cost o Buy a tank full of petrol at relatively low cost from the car rental company at the beginning of the rental How and Where Car Rental Is Distributed - there are three ways to book a car: 1. Directly 2. Travel agents and airlines offices 3. Car rental offices and their websites When car rental is part of a package deal, bookings will be made by the tour operator for the client and the retail travel agent acts as intermediary only. WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP  Car Rental in the Philippines - car rental companies in the Philippines are Avis, Hertz, Car Rental Manila, among others Taxi and Limousine Service - Taxi and limousine service plays an exceedingly important part of tourism. Business persons and tourists alike would have a difficult time getting from place to place if these services were not available. Streetcars, trolleys, inclines and aerial trams serve as a form of taxi service and are of a special interest to visitors in scenic tourist destination areas as form of recreation and sightseeing. TNVS - Transport Network Vehicle Service or TNVS in the Philippines is an efficient lifestyle change according to Filipinos. It is a convenient alternative instead of facing the everyday commute woes of Metro Manila. Grab is also an option for tourists, instead of renting a car. You can find Grab booth at all major airports that cater to foreign and domestic tourists. Road Worthiness Roadworthiness or streetworthiness is a property or ability of a car, bus, truck or any kind of automobile to be in a suitable operating condition or meeting acceptable standards for safe driving and transport of people, baggage or cargo in roads or streets, being therefore street-legal. A Certificate of Roadworthiness (also known as a ‘roadworthy’ or ‘RWC’) shows that your vehicle is safe enough to be used on public roads. A roadworthy is required in the selling of a vehicle and when it's being re-registered, and to clear some problematic notices. Roadworthy inspection is designed to check the vehicle to make sure that its important auto parts are in a good (not top) condition that is enough for safe road use. It includes o wheels and tires o steering, suspensions and braking systems o seats and seatbelts o lights and reflectors o windscreen, and windows including front wipers and washers o vehicle structure o other safety related items on the body, chassis or engine WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP  Significance of Road Transport to Tourism Today, the most popular and widely used mode of road travel is the automobile. Road transport is dominated by the automobile, which provides views of the landscape and the freedom to travel. Tourist often travels with their entire family for holidays. To promote tourism, tourist cars are significant in traveling. Many tourists prefer to travel in comfort and privacy and hire cars. Cars of various makes and standards are available on a rental basis. Tourist also uses their own motorcar when holidaying. The car rental segment of the tourism industry is in a very advanced stage in foreign countries. The client can book a car, himself or through agents, and make it wait at the desired place at the destination. The client can then drive the car themselves on reaching the destination. WEEK 4 – ITTS 111 / SRP