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and maintained. The growing importance of road transport vis-à-vis rail transport is rooted in the following reasons; (a) construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines, (b) roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography, (c) roads can negotiate higher...

and maintained. The growing importance of road transport vis-à-vis rail transport is rooted in the following reasons; (a) construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines, (b) roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography, (c) roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains such as the Himalayas, (d) road transport is economical in transportation of f e w p e r s o n s a n d relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances, (e) it also provides door - to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is much lower, (f) road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they provide a Fig.7.2: Ahmedabad- Vadodara Expressway link between railway stations, air and sea ports. In India, roads are classified in the Collect information of National Highway following six classes according to their numbers (old and new) from the website capacity. Look at the map of the National morth.nic.in/national-highway-details. The Highways and find out about the significant historical Sher-Shah Suri Marg between role played by these roads. Delhi and Amritsar is known by which National Highway ? Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways: The government has launched a major road development project linking Delhi- District Roads: These roads connect the Kolkata-Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi by district headquarters with other places of six-lane Super Highways. The North- the district. South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu Other Roads: Rural roads, which link rural & Kashmir) and Kanniyakumari (Tamil areas and villages with towns, are classified N a d u ) , a n d E a s t - We s t C o r r i d o r under this category. These roads received connecting Silchar (Assam) and Porbander special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri (Gujarat) are part of this project. The Grameen Sadak Yojana. Under this scheme major objective of these Super Highways special provisions are made so that every is to reduce the time and distance village in the country is linked to a major between the mega cities of India. These town in the country by an all season highway projects are being implemented motorable road. by the National Highway Authority of Border Roads: Apart from these, Border India (NHAI). Roads Organisation a Government of India National Highways: National Highways undertaking constructs and maintains link extreme parts of the country. These roads in the bordering areas of the are the primary road systems. A number country. This organisation was established of major National Highways run in North- in 1960 for the development of the roads South and East-West directions. of strategic importance in the northern and State Highways: Roads linking a state north-eastern border areas. These roads capital with different district headquarters have improved accessibility in areas of are known as State Highways. difficult terrain and have helped in the economic development of these area. 72 CONTEMPORARY INDIA – II Reprint 2024-25