History of Architecture PDF

What does ‘History of Architecture’ entail? The study of Architecture as it has evolved over time and across many different landscapes and cultures. Why do humans live in groups ? Reproductive access. Survival of the race. Protection. In order to protect themselves from animals and/or other hum...

What does ‘History of Architecture’ entail? The study of Architecture as it has evolved over time and across many different landscapes and cultures. Why do humans live in groups ? Reproductive access. Survival of the race. Protection. In order to protect themselves from animals and/or other humans. To share food and other resources such as tools, clothing and look after the young ones. It was easier to hunt in groups. Define Human settlement: Any form of human habitation which ranges from a single dwelling to a large city. The Organization of the Historic periods timeline: 1.​ PEAK OF LAST ICE AGE 2.​ Ice age declines 3.​ Palaeolithic period(old stone age) 4.​ Mesolithic period(middle stone age) 5.​ Neolithic period (new stone age) 6.​ Bronze age 7.​ Iron age 8.​ Early christian age Peak of last ice age and ice age declines: The most recent ice age peaked between 24,000 and 21,000 years ago, when vast ice sheets covered North America and northern Europe. At that point our Homo sapien (human) ancestors had migrated from the warm African heartland into northern European and Eurasian latitudes severely impacted by the sinking temperatures. Armed with big, creative brains and sophisticated tools, though, these early modern humans—nearly identical to ourselves physically—not only survived, but thrived in their harsh surroundings. Palaeolithic period(old stone age): Palaeolithic Period, also called Old Stone Age, which is an ancient cultural stage/level, of human development, is characterized by the use of rudimentary (primitive/basic) chipped stone tools. Mesolithic period(middle stone age):The Mesolithic Period, or Middle Stone Age, is an archaeological term describing specific cultures that fall between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic Periods although the start and end dates of the Mesolithic Period vary by geographical region. The Paleolithic was an age of purely hunting and gathering, but toward the Mesolithic period the emergence of agriculture contributed to the rise of “permanent” settlements. A word used to describe our ancestors ways of life: Early humans were nomadic in that they did not live continually in the same place, but rather, moved from place to place to hunt animals and gather food such as wild fruits, vegetables, and berries. Their tribal communities consisted of up to 50 people. Where did our ancestors lived? These early people lived in the MOUTHS OF CAVES as well as ANIMAL SKIN TENTS. NEOLITHIC PERIOD: The Neolithic Age marks the beginning of agricultural settlements for humanity and the end of the Stone Age. Some of the key characteristics of this period include an abandonment of nomadic ways, opting for a more settled way of life that was made possible due to farming and animal husbandry. Due to the settled nature of humans during this era, homes were permanent. This period also marks some of the first Neolithic architecture to be created (refined structures created by humans), from impressive, megalithic structures like Stonehenge to humble mud-brick shelters. Architecture of this time used simple materials, like stone, clay, reeds, and timber.