Week 7 PDF

Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) = Outcome of Napoleonic wars Purpose: Restore Europe to pre-war status quo Saint-Simon: Treaties v Transfer of Power ○ Believed in the reorganisation of European Society to prevent wars ○ Issue: over reliance on treaty law to prevent war...

Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) = Outcome of Napoleonic wars Purpose: Restore Europe to pre-war status quo Saint-Simon: Treaties v Transfer of Power ○ Believed in the reorganisation of European Society to prevent wars ○ Issue: over reliance on treaty law to prevent war ○ Solution: Countries surrender part of their sovereignty = Create international organisation Give said organization supranational power = Above and its own national sovereignty League of Nations (1919) Wilson (US President) = founder ○ USA was not a member 1926-1933: Germany joined 1928: Kellogg-Briand Pact (Pact of Paris) 1945: United Nations Development of European Political Unification 1944: Morgenthau Plan ○ Turn Germany into agricultural state (no soldiers, no arms) = not put into action 1945: Yalta ○ Purpose: Denazification Demilitarisation Occupation zones ○ Outcome: Division of Germany into 4 zones (US, UK, FR, RU) 1946: Cold War ○ Communism takeover in Eastern part of continent (Baltic to Trieste) Churchill: incited a political union of Europe (seeds for establishment of EU) = Father of Europe ○ Czechoslovakia became communist Counter Action: 1947 Marshall plan = Money from US to restore country to prevent spread of communism 1948: Churchill Plans ○ In the Hague, called for: 1. Political Union, 2. Human Rights, 3. Court, 4. Parliament = 1949: Council of Europe 1950: ECHR + ECtHR Purpose: Individual right against government ○ Ie. right to life, ban on torture + slavery, right to fair trial Post War Germany 1947: Post-war Germany ○ US & UK establish new German state to counter Cold War threat = Bizonia, became Trizonia after FR agreed as well 1948: Berlin Blockade Berlin was closed off from food source, west flew in food International Authority for the Ruhr (IAR) = Germany could not make their own weapons Ruhr: center of weaponry 1949: Federal Republic of Germany (West) ○ Given a consttitution Counter: East established German Democratic Republic 1950: Replacement Ruhr Authority ○ Adenauer (first chancellor of federal republic of Germany): Suggested to make France & Germany political union ○ = Coal & Steel Community Essential to war industry. Establish supranational organization to control sovereignty over coal & steel Member state: DE, FR, IT, BE, NL, LX (Founding father of EU) Development of European Union 1952: European Coal & Steel Community 1957: EURATOM ○ No one member state can make atom bombs European Economic Community 1965: Merging of 1. Coal & Steel, 2. EURATOM, 3. European Economic Community 1992: Union Treaty of Maastricht = EU European Union = 27 members Council of Ministers = Legislation ○ Main decision making institution (together with European Parliament) Decides by qualifies majority Commission = Legislation, Executive Decision ○ Advocate common EU Interest ○ Independent from member state, DON’T REPRESENT MEMBER STATE INTEREST ○ Executive of EU They initiate EU Legislation Guardian of the treaties Parliament  = Legislation ○ Representatives are individuals from member states Distributed by size of country ○ Approve EU annual budget made Court of Auditors ○ Supervises commission Court of Justice = Court Decisions ○ Judicial rulings What to do if member state does not comply with EU Law ○ Preliminary rulings Give interpretation of EU law