Global City (Week 9) - University of Cabuyao Lecture Notes PDF

Global Population and Mobility Week 9-11 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO) At the end of the week, students should be able to: a. Identify the attributes of a global city; b. analyze how cities serve as engines of globalization; c. explain how multinational corporations inf...

Global Population and Mobility Week 9-11 Intended Learning Outcomes (ILO) At the end of the week, students should be able to: a. Identify the attributes of a global city; b. analyze how cities serve as engines of globalization; c. explain how multinational corporations influence the development of global cities  Global Population and Mobility This chapter presents the essence and reality of global demography. Week 9- The Global City deals with the concept of Cosmopolitanism and the significance in world politics and international relations. Week 10- The Global Demography talks about the present condition of world population in terms of the ongoing fight against tyranny and terrorism. Also, the importance of democracy and human rights is established. Week 11- Global Migration, covers discussions about identity and personality. GLOBAL CITY WEEK 9 The Global City Defining the Global City Sociologist Saskia Sassen popularized the term “Global City” in the 1990s. Her criteria for what constitutes a global were primarily economic. The global city serve as a hub for production, finance, and telecommunications. Sociologist Saskia Sassen, initially identified three Global Cities; New York, London, and Tokyo, all of these are hubs of global finance and capitalism. Defining the Global City Sassen (2005) outlined the different characteristics of globality that maintain its link to globalization. 1) the cultural diversity of the people; 2) existence of a center of economy; 3) geographic dispersal of economic activities that marks globalization; 4) global reach performance These characteristics are observed in famous global cities such as New York, Tokyo, Singapore, and Seoul. Defining the Global City According to the 2018 Global Cities Index, New York ranked the highest in terms of the general criteria i.e business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience, and political engagement. New York is followed by London, Paris, Tokyo, and Hong Kong. WHAT IS GLOBAL CITY? Global city is an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and that serves as a hub within a globalized economic system. The term has its origins in research on cities carried out during the 1980s, which examined the common characteristics of the world's most important cities. However, with increased attention being paid to processes of globalization during subsequent years, these world cities came to be known as global cities. (Brittanica.com) Global cities are “strategic sites” that manage and guide the global economy. Many of these cities were already centers for international trade and banking. (Sakia Sassen, Columbia University Sociologist and leading theorist of global cities) Sassen’s concept of the global city: ➔ Emphasis on the flow of information and capital ➔ Cities are major nodes in the interconnected systems of information and money ➔ Wealth that flows facilitate financial institutions, consulting firms, accounting firms, law firms, and media organizations Global City is a dominant city that serves as the economic center of globalization. (Charnock, 2013)  Globalization is spatial because It occurs in:physical spaces. Skyscrapers Condominium Units  Places are the reason why it moves. Cities act on globalization and globalization act on cities. Los Angeles Tokyo - The home of HOLLYWOOD - The main headquarters of SONY  ORIGIN OF THE WORD GLOBAL CITY Saskia Sassen first coined the “global city” in the 90’s. using the economic criteria as the primary indicator. She initially identified three global cities: New York, London and Tokyo. (Claudio and Abinales, 2018).  NEW YORK, TOKYO, USA JAPAN Source: iStock WHY GLOBAL CITY IS IMPORTANT? They engage in interactions with nations and other international players, pursue goals that are frequently entwined with world economic agendas, and are essential to issues pertaining to climate change, mobility and migration, technological innovation, economic development, and infrastructure. (Zevi, 2018) HOW TO DETERMINE A GLOBAL CITY? According to Singh (n.d.), there are six indicators of Global City: Economic Power Economic Opportunities Economic Competitiveness Center of Authority Center of Political Influence Center of Higher learning and culture ECONOMIC POWER Determines which cities are global.  ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES Make it attractive to talents from across the world. ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS Criteria in market size, purchasing power of citizens, size of the middle class, and potential for growth. CENTER OF AUTHORITY State power. CENTER OF POLITICAL INFLUENCE Powerful political hubs exert influence on their own countries as well on international affairs.  CENTER OF HIGHER LEARNING AND CULTURE A city's intellectual Influence is seen through the influence of it’s publishing industry. GLOBAL CITY CHALLENGES According to Chee, C. H. & Neo H. (2018), there are five global city challenges: Environmental Threats Resources Inequality Technology Governance ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS Environmental hazards are becoming more severe as a result of rapid urbanization, which puts a demand on basic infrastructure, and more frequent and catastrophic weather events linked to global climate change. Coastal communities are particularly at risk from tropical cyclones, flooding, heat waves, and epidemics.  RESOURCES Resources like food, water, and electricity are necessary for cities to function. Urban sprawl decreases agricultural fields, water catchment areas, and energy availability.  INEQUALITY For various categories of urban residents, the outlook is uneven in terms of the availability of basic resources and resistance against environmental challenges. There will be more urban poor people in many places as the number of urban rich people rises.  TECHNOLOGY Technology is increasingly used in the development and running of global cities.  GOVERNANCE Cities will increase in size and their populations become more diverse. Governing these cities will, therefore, be progressively complex and require the most dedicated and best government.  Review Questions 1. It is an urban center that enjoys significant competitive advantages and serves as a hub within a globalized economic system? Global City 2. Give at least 2 challenges in the global cities? Environmental threats Enequality Resources Technology Governance 3. This indicator is the one who maintains the seat of power in the country which means the main political offices of the country is located right there in the Center of authority 4. Give at least 3 example of global city? New york London Tokyo Paris Singapore Sydney Los Angeles Toronto Shanghai Hong Kong 5. The city where the main headquarters of sony is located ? Tokyo, Japan REFERENCES Charnock, G. (2013, May 30). global city. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/topic/global-city. (accessed last 03 October 2022). Chee, C. H., & Neo H. (2018, October 29). 5 big challenges facing big cities of the future. World Economic Forum. Retrieved from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/10/the- 5- biggest-challenges- cities-will-face-in-the-future. (accessed last 10 October 2022). Claudio, L. E., & Abinales, P. N. (2018) The Contemporary world. South Triangle, Q.C.C & E Publishing, Inc. Retrieved from: https://classroom.google.com/u/1/c/NTQ1NTA4MTI0ODAw/a/NTUwMA 5MTY5MDUz/details. (accessed last 09 October 2022). REFERENCES Longworth, C. (2015). On Global Cities. On Global Cities - The Chicago Council on Global Affairs. 332 South Michigan Avenue, Suite 1100, Chicago, IL, 60604: The Chicago Council on Global Affairs. November 14, 2022. Retrieved from: https://globalaffairs.org/sites/default/files/2021-01/On_Global_Cities.pdf Singh, S. (n.d.). GLOBAL CITY – What is Global City?​. Plant2tree. Retrieved from: https://www.plant2tree.com/world/global-city/. (accessed last 03 October 2022). Zevi, T. (2018, November 06). Why Global Cities Matter. ITALIAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL STUDIES. Retrieved from: https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/why-global-cities-matter- 21562#:~:text=They%20interact%20with%20states%20and,innovation% 2C%20economic %20development%20and%20infrastructure. (accessed last 10 October 2022).