Week 5. Body Mechcs. Env. safety Fall 24-25 PDF

Body Mechanics & Environmental Safety Chapter 9 & 11 1  Contents 1. Understand the importance of practicing good body mechanics and ergonomics 2. Explain how repetitive injuries occur and how to prevent them. 3. Demonstrate prop...

Body Mechanics & Environmental Safety Chapter 9 & 11 1  Contents 1. Understand the importance of practicing good body mechanics and ergonomics 2. Explain how repetitive injuries occur and how to prevent them. 3. Demonstrate proper methods to prevent injury. 4. Understand the importance of environmental safety. 5. Describe and explain the purpose of an incident report. 6. Identify the appropriate steps to prevent and action in the event of a fire & electrical hazards. 7. Discuss chemical, radiation, and infectious hazards and the role of the health care professional in their prevention 2  Personal & Workplace Safety Injuries commonly suffered by health care professionals involve the musculoskeletal or nervous systems. Strained back muscles and inflamed tendons Health care workers prone to injury Injuries usually due to poor practice and same mistakes repeated over time As one ages, risks increase  Importance of Prevention Risk factors Preventive practices Poor posture Use good posture and body mechanics during all activities. Poor body mechanics Stay fit by exercising regularly. Low level of fitness Maintain flexibility with stretching exercises. Obesity Good nutrition habits to prevent weight gain Adoption of good lifestyle habits to reduce stress Stress, both mechanical and psychological Definitions Body mechanics – Correct positioning for given task Ergonomics – Science of designing and arranging work and living environments – Maximize efficiency, health, and safety  Question Which of the following is the best definition of body mechanics? A. Correct positioning of the body for a given task B. Science of designing and arranging things for maximum efficiency, health, and safety C. Exercises to maintain strength and flexibility  Answer A. Correct positioning of the body for a given task Body mechanics – Correct positioning of body for given task Ergonomics – Science of designing and arranging things for maximum efficiency, health, and safety Repetitive Motion Injuries (RMI) Overuse of one body part places stress on tendons, nerves, or joints Most injuries involve hands, arms, or neck and shoulder area Causes inflammation, swelling, and pain RMI symptoms Paresthesias (burning or prickling sensation) Numbness, coldness, or loss of sensation Clumsiness, weakness, or lack of coordination Popping, clicking, or cracking sound Impaired range of motion (ROM) or locking of joint Common RMIs  Question Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in an inability to make a fist? A. Carpal tunnel syndrome B. Thoracic outlet syndrome C. Tendonitis  Answer Carpal tunnel syndrome 11  General Principles Maintain three normal curves of back Warm up and stretch before and after activities Use largest joints and muscles Avoid static positions Make adjustments or stop if pain occurs Use supports as recommended Seek treatment early Learn to cope with psychological stress  Treatment of RMIs Varies with severity of injury – Conservative measures- Non surgical – Surgical procedures – Physical and occupational therapists – Psychotherapy Recovery and prognosis  Question True or False: – With proper treatment, the prognosis for a RMI is complete recovery.  Answer False Some will not recover full use of affected part – Must change occupations or give up activity that produced original injury 16  Question Which of the following is the best definition of body mechanics? A. Correct positioning of the body for a given task B. Science of designing and arranging things for maximum efficiency, health, and safety C. Exercises to maintain strength and flexibility  Question Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in an inability to make a fist? A. Carpal tunnel syndrome B. Thoracic outlet syndrome C. Tendonitis  Question True or False: – With proper treatment, the prognosis for a RMI is complete recovery.  Body Mechanics Proper mechanics while: – Sitting – Standing and walking – Lifting National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) statement on back belts Computer Exercises Computer Workstation  Question Which of the following is the best eye level when working at a computer? A. Top of monitor just above eye level B. Top of monitor at eye level C. Top of monitor just below eye level  Answer C. Top of monitor just below eye level Position top of monitor just below eye level directly in front of body  Visual Problems Eyestrain Headaches Why eyes tire more easily when viewing computer? Prevent Eye strain Look away from computer Rest eyes every 20 to 30 minutes Adjust contrast on computer Keep computer screen clean Avoid glare on screen Use glare screen Use paper holder  Question True or False: – Wrist rests help prevent injuries when used during active typing.  Answer False Use wrist restraints during pauses to help maintain neutral position – Not meant to be used during active typing  Environmental Safety Identify and correct potential hazards Health care workers must understand and follow policies and procedures OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Health care hazards Chemical Physical Environmental Psychosocial Ergonomic Workplace violence Infectious  Question Inadequate equipment maintenance is what type of hazard? A. Chemical B. Infectious C. Environmental  Answer C. Environmental  Safety Guidelines Focus on prevention Move safely Dress for safety Work safely with patients Protect self and others Report for safety  Increased risk with Physical & Mental changes Changes in vision Changes in hearing Altered neurological function Changes in blood vessels Slowed reflexes Changes in mental function Weakness from illness or injury Taking of medications  Question Which of the following is the best approach when asked to perform a procedure on a patient that you are not trained to do? A. Do the best you can B. Have someone explain it to you C. Do not agree to do it  Answer C. Do not agree to do it Do not perform any procedure on patients until having received adequate training  Workplace Violence Health care professional risk – Offensive (Aggressive) or threatening language – Psychological trauma – Actual injuries – Homicide Can result in negative organizational outcomes  Question A patient is very upset about the care she received. She begins to escalate in volume and curse at you. What should you do? A. Take her to a private area to avoid disturbing others B. Acknowledge her feelings C. Tell her to calm down, or you will call security  Answer B. Acknowledge her feelings When confronted with angry patients, acknowledge feelings and avoid getting defensive or matching hostility (anger) Avoid isolating yourself with potentially violent people by taking them to a private location Avoid giving orders and threatening them with security  Prevent or Decrease Violence Environmental designs Administrative controls Behavior modification  Fire & Electrical Hazards Fire requires oxygen, item that will burn, and source of heat Know location of fire alarms and extinguishers Know emergency evacuation routes  Fire Procedures RACE – Remove patients – Activate alarm – Contain the fire – Extinguish the fire OR – Evacuate the area  Fire Extinguisher Usage PASS – Pull the pin – Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire – Squeeze the handle – Sweep back and forth along the base of the fire  Types of Fires Class A – Ordinary combustibles Class B – Flammable and combustible liquids Class C – Electrical fires Class D – Burning metals  Question True or False: – RACE is an acronym for putting out a fire with a fire extinguisher.  Answer False PASS – Acronym for putting out fire with fire extinguisher RACE – Acronym for what to do when you discover fire  Chemical Hazards Numerous chemicals used in health care Labeling and compatibility Avoid contact Wear PPE Follow material safety data sheet (MSDS) Clean up and treatment  Radiation Hazards X-rays and radiation therapy Monitoring radiation exposure Safety guidelines Disposal of radioactive waste Wear radiation dosimeter  Infectious Waste Any item or product with potential to transmit disease Follow policies and procedures Report accidental exposures  Oxygen Precautions Post sign “Oxygen in Use” Avoid all sources for sparks Never use flammable liquids Secure oxygen tank Do not smoke Do not use wool or synthetics  Question Which of the following is the best first step if a chemical comes in contact with the skin? A. Rinse under cool water for at least 5 minutes B. Immediately go to the emergency department C. Cover the area with antibiotic ointment and dressing  Answer A. Rinse under cool water for at least 5 minutes First step to take when chemical comes in contact with skin: – Immediately rinse under cool water for at least 5 minutes  Bioterrorism Extends back in history to earliest human records Biological exposure readiness plan Most likely weapons: – Anthrax: is a serious infectious disease caused by gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria known as Bacillus anthracis – Smallpox: is a contagious deadly disease – Botulism: serious illness caused by a toxin that attacks the body's nerves and causes difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis, and even death. – Plague: is a disease caused by the bacterium. Humans usually get plague after being bitten by a rodent flea  Emergency Code System Communication method for employees Prevents patients and visitors from becoming overly concerned Emergency Preparedness Plan Follow OSHA requirements Follow policies and procedures Remain calm Emergency Code System  Triage System Triage – French word meaning “to select” Guidelines to assess patients’ conditions – Determine where they should be sent – Determine what treatment they should receive Used during disasters Used daily in emergency departments Questions Thank You And Wish You All The Best 57