Historical Development of Science and Technology in the Philippines PDF

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY in the Philippines  Pre-Spanish Era The first inhabitants in the archipelago settled in Palawan and Batangas around 40,000 years ago. developed techniques learned what can be harnessed from the environment Polishing ha...

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY in the Philippines  Pre-Spanish Era The first inhabitants in the archipelago settled in Palawan and Batangas around 40,000 years ago. developed techniques learned what can be harnessed from the environment Polishing hard stones Pre-Spanish Era  Pre-Spanish Era Primitive Filipinos practiced Science and Technology SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Attribution to Spanish Regime Establishment of schools and hospitals Initiation of scientific research highest institution  SPANISH COLONIAL ERA Church Influence Dr. Jose Rizal Charity hospitals- researches Laboratorio de Ciudad de Manila Cronica de Ciencias Medicas de Filipinas Exploitation of Natural Resources Manila became a cosmopolitan center None of the industries prosper Primary agricultural exporting economy Sugar and hemp production  American Period Public education system The focus of science is on health sector Gov’t support- Medical and agricultural related sciences UPLB opened College of Agriculture in 1909 UP Diliman- Colleges of Arts, Engineering and Veterinary Medicine in 1910 UP Diliman- College of Medicine- 1914  American Period Capacity building programs Government Support and Challenges -veterinary medicine, engineering, agriculture, applied sciences and industrial vocational courses Bureau of Government Laboratories- Bureau of Science Philippine Journal of Science December 8, 1933, the National Research Council of the Philippines was established.  Commonwealth Period “”The state shall promote scientific research and invention”. Filipinos focused on economic development. Acknowledged importance of science and technology. Commonwealth Government: Formed for economic reliance. Emphasized scientific research and invention. Japanese Occupation (1941-1945): Pacific War disrupted progress. Science and tech development practically Pacific War broke out in 1941 impossible. Post-World War II: Manila in ruins. Government worked on rebuilding and normalization.  SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SINCE INDEPENDENCE 01 Bureau of Science to Institute of Science placed under the office of the president. report by the US Economic Survey to the Philippines In 1958, during the regime of President Garcia, National Science Development Board was established. 02 Focus on science and technology institutional capacity building insignificant effects because of lack of coordination and planning Without clear research policy guidelines, researches were done for their own sake, leaving to chance the commercialization of the results. 03 Establishing more manual and trading schools craftsmen, tradesmen and technician elevated to college and university status  SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE Pres. Ferdinand Marcos 1960S TO 1990S 1968- proclaimed the 35-hectare land in Bicutan, Taguig as the site of the Philippine Science Community 1969- the government provided funds to private universities 1970- focus on science and technology was given to applied research and the main objective was to generate products and processes that were supposed to have a greater beneficial impact to the society.  SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S Pres. Ferdinand Marcos Several research institutes were established under the National Science Development Board (NSDB) *Philippine Coconut Research Institute and Philippine Textile Research Institute *Philippine Atomic Energy Commission  SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S Pres. Ferdinand Marcos 1972- National Grains Authority (PD. 4) - Philippine Council for Agricultural Research -Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PD. 78, s. 1972) 1973- Philippine National Oil Company (PD. 334, s. 1973) 1976- National Academy of Science and Technology (PD. 1003-A, s. 1976)  SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S 1980- still focused on applied research 1982- NSDB was reorganized into a National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) composed of four research and development councils: Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development (PCCARD) Philippine Council for Industry and Energy Research Development (PCIERD) Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) National Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP)  SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S March 1983- National Network of Centers of Excellence in basic sciences was established (EO 889) National Institute of Physics, Geological Sciences, Natural Sciences Research, Chemistry, Biology and Mathematical Sciences. July 19, 1983- Scientific Career System in the Civil Service was established (PD 901)  AQUINO ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S Transition from National Science and Section 9(1) of the 1973 Philippine Constitution Technology Authority (NSTA) to the that the “advancement of science and technology Department of Science and Technology shall have priority in the (DOST) national development.” Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (1987-1992) Elevation to Full Cabinet Status- Jan. 30, 1987—EO 128 AQUINO ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S Functions and responsibilities of DOST expanded 1. Pursuing the declared state policy of supporting local scientific and technological efforts 2. Developing local capabilities for technological self-reliance 3. Encouraging greater private sector participation in research and development 464 million in 1986 to 1.7 billion in 1992  AQUINO ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S DOST as the primary science and technology body in the country. Twin mandate: Providing central direction, leadership, and coordination of all scientific and technological activities. Formulating policies, programs, and projects to support national development. I  AQUINO ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S Science and Technology Master Plan It is aimed at: Modernizing the production sector. Upgrading research activities. Developing infrastructure for science and technological purposes.  AQUINO ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S II. Research and Development Plan A. Formulation of a plan to: Examine and determine priority areas for research. Establish criteria for program selection: a. Development of local materials. b. Probability of success. c. Potential for the product in the export market. d. Strategic nature of the program. The grants for the research and development programs were included in the Omnibus Investment Law.  RAMOS ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S I. Personnel Growth 3,000 competent scientists and engineers in the Philippines by 1998. II. Education Initiatives Government-provided 3,500 scholarships for students pursuing professions related to science and technology. III. Magna Carta for Science and Technology Personnel (RA 8439)  RAMOS ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S I. Establishment of Science and Technology Agenda for National Development (STAND) Eleven domestic needs a. Food II. STAND Program Components b. Housing Three supporting A. Identification of Priority Investment Areas c. Health industries Seven export products d. Clothing a. Packaging a. Computer software e. Transportation b. Chemicals b. Fashion accessories f. Communication c. Metals c. Gifts, toys, and houseware g. Disaster mitigation d. Marine products h. Defense e. Metal fabrications i. Environment f. Furniture j. Manpower g. Dried fruits development k. Energy  ARROYO ADMINISTRATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE 1960S TO 1990S I. Laws and projects for the environment and science to push to increase the productivity of Science, Technology and Innovations (STI) II. ”Filipinnovation” was coined III. Enhancement of Philippine Science High School IV. The Philippines ranked 73rd out of 128 economies in STI index HOPES IN PHILIPPINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY First micro-satellite called Diwata-1  Hopes in Philippine Science and technology 02 NOAH- NATIONWIDE OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HAZARDS  Hopes in Philippine Science and technology 03 INTELLIGENT OPERATION CENTER PLATFORM  Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country 01 ADVANCED DEVICE AND MATERIALS TESTING LABORATORIES Electronics Products Development Center  Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country 02 HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPUTING FACILITIES  Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country 03 GENOME CENTER  Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country 04 DRUG-DISCOVERY FACILITIES  Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country 05 RADIATION PROCESSING FACILITIES  Current Initiatives in Science and Technology in the Country 06 DIE AND MOLD SOLUTIONS CENTER  Activity Identify a contemporary Filipino invention and discuss how it improved the lives of our countrymen. (Example SALT lamp or “sustainable alternative lighting”) lamp powered by galvanic reaction of an anode with saline water invented by Aisa Mejino