Patterns of Development (Week 3) PDF

Patterns of Development (Week 3)  Writing Paragraphs A paragraph is a collection of related sentences with one central idea. As an independent unit, it is complete in itself. It has its beginning, middle, and end. As a related unit, it is a part of composition that...

Patterns of Development (Week 3)  Writing Paragraphs A paragraph is a collection of related sentences with one central idea. As an independent unit, it is complete in itself. It has its beginning, middle, and end. As a related unit, it is a part of composition that is combined with other paragraphs to make a larger compositions.  CHECK POINT Read the paragraph below and write the topic sentence. My first day of college was a disaster. First, I went to the wrong classroom for math. I was sitting in the class, surrounded by people taking notes and paying attention to how to do equations, which would have been okay if I was supposed to be in an algebra class. In reality, I was supposed to be in geometry, and when I discovered my error, I had already missed the first twenty minutes of a one-hour class. When I got to the correct class, all twenty-five students turned and looked at me as the teacher said, "You're late."  CHECK POINT Read the paragraph below and write the topic sentence. Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good health. Exercise helps control weight, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and improve mental health. Physical activities like walking, running, and swimming increase cardiovascular fitness. Regular exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood lifters. Answer:  CHECK POINT Read the paragraph below and write the topic sentence. Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with one another. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have made it easier to stay connected with friends and family, share information, and express opinions. However, social media also has its downsides. It can lead to issues such as cyberbullying, privacy concerns, and the spread of misinformation. Answer: 8 PATTERNS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT (Text types/Structures) COMPARISON AND 1 NARRATION 5 CONTRAST 2 DESCRIPTION 6 CAUSE-AND-EFFECT 3 DEFINITION 7 PROBLEM-SOLUTION 4 CLASSIFICATION 8 PERSUASION  NARRATION 1. Objective Narration Example: The patient’s history written by a doctor. 2. Subjective Narration Example: The personal essay written by a student about her pleasant experiences in school.  DESCRIPTION provides vibrant experience for the reader through vivid language, that appears to the reader’s five senses: sight, smell, touch, sound, and taste, and description of something.  DESCRIPTION Example: Staring blankly at my exam, I tapped my pencil rapidly on the side of my desk and desperately tried to focus. Gathering up some courage, I wrote an answer to the second question.  DEFINITION 1. Standard Definition the meaning rarely changes and is universally accepted. Example: The second law of thermodynamics states that the universe is descending into chaos as its energy reserves are used up.  DEFINITION 2. Regulatory Definition is the meaning assigned by an organization. Example: ECQ means Enhanced Community Quarantine 3. Qualifying Definition is the meaning subject for interpretation. Example: Criminal behavior is the act of breaking the law or societal norms, which can be overt or covert and punishable by conviction. 4. Personal Definition is the assigned meaning of the writer himself. Example: Love is unconditional. 5. Invented Definition is the meaning given to a word which is newly-coined as already being used in the society. Example: unfriended, vlogger, hokage  CLASSIFICATION you tell readers how a collection of things can be sorted into categories. Example: Energy is defined as the capacity to do work , such as the capacity to move an object (of a given mass) by the application of force.  COMPARISON AND CONTRAST Example: Basketball and soccer are played with a round ball. They both provide a ton of cardiovascular exercise, such as running; so if you want to get in shape, these are the sports to play. A referee judges each game. When a player breaks the rule, he or she is called for a foul. Finally, a score is kept in each game. The team who has a highest score wins- Comparison Transitional expressions used in comparison: Transitional expressions used in contrast: In the same way and also, also Although whereas As well as Both, neither But However Each of Just as so Conversely On the other hand Similarity Like too The same In contrast While, yet  CAUSE AND EFFECT states why things happens or explains the result of certain phenomena. Example: Writing cause and effect about divorce.  PROBLEM-SOLUTION Example: Deforestation is a serious problem because forests and trees do an important job making the earth’s environment suitable for life. In the past fifty years, more than half of the world rainforests have been destroyed. Scientist say that if deforestation continues, the world’s climate may change, floods may become more common, and animals will die. One solution to the problem of deforestation is to use less paper. If you follow the three Rs- reduce, reuse, and recycle, you can help to save the world’s forest.  PERSUASION it intends readers to convince or believe in something. It wants you to consider both side of an issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another.  PERSUASION Example: You are writing to persuade people that marijuana should be legalized or persuade your readers that voting must be compulsory. END OF PRESENTATION