CCS101 Introduction to Computing PDF

CCS101 Introduction to Computing  Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of the lesson students should be able to: Describe at least five key components of Computer System; Differentiate types of Operating System; Explain Graphic User Interface Explain different types...

CCS101 Introduction to Computing  Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of the lesson students should be able to: Describe at least five key components of Computer System; Differentiate types of Operating System; Explain Graphic User Interface Explain different types of Operating System Describe at least four Graphic User Interface Elements Components of Computer System & Introduction to GUI-Based Operating System Components of a Computer System Components of a Computer System Components of a computer system are the primary elements which make the functioning of an electronic device smooth and faster. There are five basic components which include: 1. Input Unit A computer will only respond when a command is given to the device. These commands can be given using the input unit or the input devices. 2. Output Unit When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action performed and gives us a result. This result is called output. There are various output devices connected to the computer. The most basic of which is a monitor. 3. Memory Unit When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the entered information immediately gets saved in the memory unit of the Central Processing Unit (CPU). Because of the presence of some existing programming, the Memory Unit transmits the data further to the other parts of the CPU. 4. Control Unit This is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer device. It is one of the most essential components of the computer system. The Control Unit collects the data entered using the input unit, leads it on for processing and once that is done, receives the output and presents it to the user. It can be said to the center of all processing actions taking place inside a computer device. 5. Arithmetic & Logical Unit As the name suggests, all the mathematical calculations or arithmetic operations are performed in the Arithmetic and Logical Unit of the CPU. It can also perform actions like a comparison of data and decision-making actions. The ALU comprises circuits using which addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and other numerical based calculations can be performed.  Parts of the computer according to their function: 1. Processing unit - the "brain" of the computer where processing occurs. The central processing unit (CPU), contained in the system unit box, manipulates (calculates, compares) data supplied by input and storage devices. While "thinking," it temporarily stores results in its internal memory, called RAM. Feedback is returned to the user via output devices. 2. Input devices - allow the user to send information to the computer. These include: keyboard, mouse, joystick, trackball, touch-sensitive monitor, voice-input. 3. Output devices - receive information from the CPU and return feedback to the user. These include: monitor, printer, speakers 4. Storage units - permanent disk storage, using floppy, hard disks, CD-ROMs, memory cards, memory sticks. Parts of the computer according to their location 1. External parts – computer devices and peripherals that are connected to but are outside the system unit. Examples are: mouse, keyboard, monitor, speakers, webcam, printer, scanner, AVR, etc. 2. Internal parts - computer parts and peripherals that are inside the system unit. Examples are: power supply, hard disk drive, floppy disk dive, CD drive, RAM, CPU, motherboard, sound card, video card, network card, etc. Components of a Computer System 1. Hardware – computer parts that you can actually touch, like disks, disk drives, display screens, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. In contrast, software is untouchable. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols, but it has no substance 2. Software – Computer instructions or data. Anything that can be stored electronically is software. The storage devices and display devices are hardware. Software is often divided into two categories: Systems software : Includes the operating system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. Applications software : Includes programs that do real work for users. For example, word processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems fall under the category of applications software. 3. Data – Distinct pieces of information, usually formatted in a special way. All software is divided into two general categories: data and programs. Programs are collections of instructions for manipulating data. Data can exist in a variety of forms -- as numbers or text on pieces of paper, as bits and bytes stored in electronic memory, or as facts stored in a person's mind. 4. Peopleware – user, programmer, technician and other people involve in the computer system.  Introduction to GUI-Based Operating System GUI (Graphical User Interface) The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is an operating system interface that uses icons, menus, and a mouse to facilitate interaction with the system. It was developed by Xerox Palo Alto research lab and later popularized by the Apple Macintosh in the 1980s. GUI contains interactive visual components for computer software. It acts as an interface between the user and the computer.  GUI Operating System is a graphics-based OS. It uses icons, menus, and a mouse to interact easily between the user and the system. A mouse is generally used to select the icon or drop the menu. We can perform GUI actions by directly manipulating graphical elements like icons, menus, and buttons. Some of the languages used in the development of GUI Operating Systems: ∙€C# ∙€Java ∙€HTML/Javascript ∙€Python ∙€C/C++ Elements of GUI To create a user-friendly GUI, the user can interact with the software using a variety of elements. ∙€Icon: A small graphic showing a file or program. ∙€Button: When pressed, launches a program. ∙€Menu: A list of options given to the user. ∙€Dialogue Box: Asks a user for input and shows additional data. ∙€Tab: A window's top clickable region displays a different page. ∙€Toolbar: A row of buttons controls the operation, typically located near the top of an app window. ∙€Ribbon: An alternative to the file menu and toolbar that combines program-related actions. Examples of GUI Operating Systems Advantages of GUI Operating Systems ∙€A GUI OS can increase usability for the typical user. ∙€A GUI operating system is more user-friendly than a text-based command-line interface like MS-DOS. ∙€The GUI features make computer operations simple to use without any prior experience with computers. ∙€It uses metaphors like drag-and-drop for file transfers and simple icons, like a trash bin for deleted files. ∙€GUI programs are self-descriptive. Disadvantages of GUI Operating Systems ∙€GUIs require a significant amount of system resources, including processing power and memory. This can slow down system performance, especially on older or less capable machines. ∙€Despite being user-friendly, GUIs can be complex to learn and understand, especially for beginners or less tech-savvy users. This is due to the multitude of options, menus, and features that they tend to offer. ∙€GUIs often hide low-level details from the user, providing less control over the system compared to Command Line Interfaces (CLI). They can make it harder to automate tasks or execute complex commands. Disadvantages of GUI Operating Systems ∙€A GUI Operating System generally requires more disk space due to the graphics, icons, and other visual elements. This could be a disadvantage for systems with limited storage capacity. ∙€GUIs often have higher hardware requirements due to their graphical nature. Older systems without graphic cards, or with less RAM and lower processing speed, might struggle to run GUI-based operating systems smoothly.  Q&A Is there any questions? Thank you for listening! God bless!