Introduction to Computer and Computing Ethics COMP1310 Lecture 1 PDF

Faculty of Engineering and Technology Computer Science Department Introduction to Computer and Computing Ethics COMP1310  Course Objectives Computer systems Terminology Structure Data representation Usage of different popular computer applications....

Faculty of Engineering and Technology Computer Science Department Introduction to Computer and Computing Ethics COMP1310  Course Objectives Computer systems Terminology Structure Data representation Usage of different popular computer applications. Use different popular computer applications such as MS Office. Write algorithms (pseudo-Code) to solve tasks. Use C to build simple programs. Computer ethics.  Learning Style Lectures ( twice a week ) Labs ( once per week ) Course Outline Course Outline  What is a Computer? ❖ a computer is a device that receives, stores, and processes data. ❖ receives data, store it and process it into useful information. Data VS. Information ??? Saturday, September 14, 2019  Data VS. Information ❖Data: raw facts representing objects and events. ❖Information: data that is organized, meaningful and useful. Saturday, September 14, 2019  Fundamental Characteristics of Computers Speed Reliability Storage capability  Computer System Components Hardware: the physical components of a computer system. e.g., monitor, keyboard, mouse, hard drive Software : the programs that execute on the computer. e.g., word processing program, Web browser People: 1. Programmer: writes software 2. End-User: purchases and uses software Saturday, September 14, 2019  Computer System Components Saturday, September 14, 2019  Desktop computer, with its hardware components Saturday, September 14, 2019 Computer Classes ❑ Personal Computers ❑ Portable Computers ❑ Servers ❑ Super Computers ❑ Handheld Devices ❑ Embedded Systems 13  Types of Computers Different types of computers have different characteristics: supercomputers: powerful but expensive; used for complex computations (e.g., weather forecasting, engineering design and modeling) desktop computers: less powerful but affordable; used for a variety of user applications (e.g., email, Web browsing, document processing) laptop computers: similar functionality to desktops, but mobile palmtop computers: portable, but limited applications and screen size Saturday, September 14, 2019 Hardware  Central Processing Unit (CPU) or (Processor) ❖the CPU is the "brains" of the computer ❖Consists of electronic circuits: The CPU is made up of three main parts: Control Unit (CU) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Registers Saturday, September 14, 2019  Central Processing Unit (CPU) or (Processor) ❖ CPU Has two key tasks: ❖ Fetching program instructions from memory (RAM) ❖ Executing those instructions. Saturday, September 14, 2019  Central Processing Unit (CPU) or (Processor) Control Unit : 1) Directs the computer system to execute stored program instructions. 2) Communicate with memory and ALU 3) Sends data and instructions from secondary storage to memory as needed. Saturday, September 14, 2019  Central Processing Unit (CPU) or (Processor) Arithmetic Logic Unit : 1) Execute all arithmetic and logical operations Arithmetic operation: Addition, Subtraction , Multiplication, Division Logical operations: Compare numbers, letters or special characters (Equal, Less than, Greater than,..) Saturday, September 14, 2019  Central Processing Unit (CPU) or (Processor) Registers: ❖ High-speed temporary storage areas ❑ Storage locations located within the CPU ❖Work under direction of control unit ❑Accept, hold, and transfer instructions or data ❑Keep track of where the next instruction to be executed or needed data is stored Saturday, September 14, 2019  Memory The memory is that part of a computer that stores programs and data. modern computers are digital devices, meaning they store and process information as binary digits (bits) two values of a bit are written as 0 and 1, but the values could just as easily be represented as off and on, open and closed, volts and no volts, etc. Saturday, September 14, 2019  Memory memory capacity is usually specified in bytes. A byte is a collection of 8 bits, and thus is capable of representing 28 = 256 different values Saturday, September 14, 2019  Memory byte is sufficient to represent a single character ◼ a kilobyte can store a few paragraphs (roughly 1 thousand characters) ◼ a megabyte can store a book (roughly 1 million characters) ◼ a gigabyte can store a small library (roughly 1 billion characters) ◼ a terabyte can store a book repository (roughly 1 trillion characters) Saturday, September 14, 2019  Memory modern computers use a combination of memory types, each with its own performance and cost characteristics Main memory (or primary memory) is fast and expensive Cashe and RAM Secondary memory is slower but cheaper Hard disk CD-ROM Flash memory Saturday, September 14, 2019  RAM VS ROM RAM: Random Access Memory 2. Volatile 3. Temporary storage 4. Read and Write 5. Allows the computer to read data quickly to run applications. ROM: Read only memory 2. Non-volatile 3. Permanent storage 4. Read only 5. Stores the program required to initially boot the computer. Saturday, September 14, 2019  Memory modern computers use a combination of memory types, each with its own performance and cost characteristics Main memory (or primary memory) is fast and expensive Secondary memory is slower but cheaper – use different technologies (magnetic signals on hard disk, reflective spots on CD) – non volatile – memory is permanent – useful for storing long-term data – examples: hard disk, flash drive, compact disk (CD) Saturday, September 14, 2019  Memory ❖more main memory to allow for quick access to more data and programs ❖more secondary memory to allow for storing more long-term data Saturday, September 14, 2019  Input/Output (I/O) input devices allow the computer to receive data from external sources – examples: keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner output devices allow the computer to display or broadcast its results – examples: monitor, speaker, printer Saturday, September 14, 2019  Software Software : refers to the programs that execute on that hardware. A software program is a collection of instructions for the computer to carry out in order to complete some task e.g., word processing program, Web browser, Adobe Photoshop.. Saturday, September 14, 2019  Operating Systems Operating system ( OS and O/S) is an interface between hardware and applications; it is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the limited resources of the computer. Saturday, September 14, 2019  Operating Systems (OS) Cont. Is a collection of programs that controls how the CPU, memory, and I/O devices work together manages the execution of all application programs, controlling how data and instructions are loaded into memory and accessed by the CPU. operating system provides an interface for the user to interact with the computer (GUI) Saturday, September 14, 2019  Operating System Cont. Saturday, September 14, 2019  Internet ≠ World Wide Web the Internet could exist without the Web ◼ and did, in fact, for many years (applications included email and news groups) the Web couldn't exist without the Internet ◼ the Internet is the hardware that stores and executes the Web software Saturday, September 14, 2019 Web Addresses a Web server is an Internet-enabled computer that stores Web pages and executes software for providing access to the pages ◼ when you request a Web page, the browser sends a request over the Internet to the appropriate server ◼ the server locates the specified page and sends it back to your computer Web pages require uniform names to locate and identify them uniquely ◼ each page is assigned a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) ◼ URL's are commonly referred to as Web addresses ◼ the different parts of the Web address provide information for locating the page 33 Special thanks to Mr. Abdullah Karakra for using some of his slides.