Week 1 - Understanding the Pieces.pptx

Openi ng Overview A volcano is a rupture in the Earth’s crust where molten lava, ash, and gases from below the Earth’s surface escape into the air. Volcanoes form at tectonic plate boundaries, where plates diverge or converge, and at hotspots. Word Detect (Page 3) Directions: Unlock the mystery...

Openi ng Overview A volcano is a rupture in the Earth’s crust where molten lava, ash, and gases from below the Earth’s surface escape into the air. Volcanoes form at tectonic plate boundaries, where plates diverge or converge, and at hotspots. Word Detect (Page 3) Directions: Unlock the mystery word by identifying the word(s) being described in each item. Use the letters in the numbered boxes to form the mystery word. After unlocking the word, scan the pages of this lesson to define it. Picture Analysis Science 10 First Quarter Lesson 1 Understanding the Pieces  Learning Objectives: Define plate tectonic theory. Explain the geologic processes that shape Earth’s crust in terms of the formation of volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts. Propose ways by which he/she can contribute to government efforts in reducing damage due to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.  Day 1 Define plate tectonic theory. Plate Tectonics Theory - Theory that explains the different processes that cause the formation of different geologic features and phenomena.  Alfred Wegener - German meteorologist and geophysicist - Hypothesized and suggested that the landmasses of Earth were once merged into a supercontinent known as Pangaea. Drifting of Continental Plates Plate Tectonics Theory: What is it about?  - Plate tectonics theory states that Earth’s lithosphere is composed of fragments or plates that move around and interact with one another.  - Tectonic Latin word – tectonicus, or Greek word – tektonikos, which means “to build”.  - Outermost layer of Lithosphere Earth. - Composed of the upper part of the mantle and the crust. - 80 km deep  - Made up of various types of rocks and Crust sediments floating on top of the upper mantle. - 50 km deep - Has a density of around 2.6 g/cm^3. Two types of Crust: Continental Crust and - The continental crust is thicker and less dense, which makes it “float” over a denser and relatively thinner oceanic crust. - The plate tectonics theory suggests that the lithosphere is divided into fragments known as plates.  Large Plates Small Plates (Major Plates) (Intermediate Plates) North American, South American, Philippine, Caribbean, Eurasian, Pacific, Cocos, Nazca, Scotia, Indo-Australian, Juan de Fuca, and African, and Antarctic Arabian Plates Plates Location of the lithospheric plates on Earth  Day 2 Explain the geologic processes that shape Earth’s crust in terms of the formation of volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts. Earthquake Centers and Volcano Locations: Earthquake Distribution - Majority of the earthquake centers or areas are located along plate margins. Plate margins are also known as plate boundaries. - The strengths of earthquakes can range from shallow to destructive. - Earthquakes can be due to collisions, rifting, or slipping between or among the plates.  - Earthquakes release different types of seismic waves. - The primary and secondary waves travel within the interior of Earth. - Waves such as long surface waves and Rayleigh waves are surface waves. Charles Wyville Thomson - Scottish marine zoologist, led the Challenger expedition in 1872. - Discovered the Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge. Volcano Distribution  - The distribution of volcanoes is mostly found along plate margins. - Volcanoes are also found in areas where there is subduction of plate. (Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or extinct.)  - The magma builds a series of volcanoes known as volcanic arc. (Mostly found around the region of Pacific Ring of Fire.) Mountain - Mountains are formed due to the movement of plates. Ranges - Some are formed underwater or on the seabed. - Others are formed on top of the continental crust.  - American geologist - Major proponent of seafloor spreading. - The ocean floor is not flat or smooth; instead, it is rough and full of land features such as underwater mountains and Harry H. Hess trenches.  Any Questio Define It! Direction: Define plate tectonic theory using the words below. Alfred Wegener Tektonikos Tectonicus Pangaea Plates  Day 3 Propose ways by which he/she can contribute to government efforts in reducing damage due to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.. Word Let’s Find Out! (Page 11) Part B: Mapping the Locations of Volcanoes and Earthquake Faults Use the map in page 14 as basis of mapping the recent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Prior to doing the activity, list 10 recent volcanic activities and 10 recent earthquake locations in table 1.1. Include their country of location and a brief summary of the damages caused. Do It Right! Since we are located in the Pacific Ring of Fire, our government should have a disaster preparedness plan for earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other related geologic activities. What ways can you propose on how you can contribute to government efforts to reduce damage due to earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other geologic activities? “God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in trouble. Therefore we will not fear, though the earth give way and the mountains fall into the heart of the sea.” (Psalm 46:1-2) Thank You for Closin g