Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction Week 1 PDF

Disaster Readiness a n d Risk Reduction Quarter 2 Geological Hazards : Cause s and Signs  Instructions. Read each sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It is the...

Disaster Readiness a n d Risk Reduction Quarter 2 Geological Hazards : Cause s and Signs  Instructions. Read each sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. It is the sliding down of soil, rocks or mud from an elevated place like a mountain or cliff. a. Earthquake c. Landslide b. Sinkhole d. Tsunami 2. The following are examples of geological hazards except________. a. Earthquake c. Landslide b. Tsunami d. Typhoon 3. It is said that after a storm, a sinkhole appeared in this area, which town is it? a. Badian, Cebu b. Pangan Island, Southern Leyte c. Barili, Cebu 4. The following signs indicate an incoming landslide except_______. a. Crack on the ground b. Bulging ground appear c. Tilting of trees, utility post d. Unusual disappearance of water, or oncoming wall of 5. How do you describe a “Karst Terrain?” a. It is a rapid appearance of a hole in the ground. b. It is a region where the bedrock can be dissolved by ground water. c. It involves saturated soils moving at very to extremely rapid velocities and travel great distances. d. A dissolution of the limestone or dolomite is most intensive where the water fi rst contacts the rock surface. 6. Which of the following is a landslide’s mode of failure? a. Fall c. Letter A only b. Topple d. Both letters A and B 7. Which of the following describes a cover-subsidence sinkhole? a. It is uncommon, smaller, and may go undetected for long periods. b. It occurs where flow is focused in preexisting openings in the rock. c. It develops abruptly (over a period of hours) and cause catastrophic damages. d. It is an extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and property. 8. It is slow, steady, downward movement of slope forming soil or rock. a. Creep c. Rock fall b. Slump d. Mudflow 9. It involves saturated soils moving at very to extremely rapid velocities and travel great distances. a. Creep c. Rock fall b. Mudflow d. Slump 10. It is a rock with magnesium along with the calcium normally present in the minerals that form the rocks. a. Bedrock c. Gypsum b. Dolomite d. Limestone 11. The following are areas with karst except ________. a. Caves c. Spring b. Sinkholes d. Underwater 12. A landslides caused by heavy rain due to storms and southwest monsoon____. a. Sinkhole landslide b. Storm landslide c. Rainfall-induced landslide d. Tidal wave landslide 13. You believed that sinkhole is not only natural phenomena but also man- made. Which of the following is one of the common causes of sinkholes? a. Steep slopes b. Heavy slopes c. Concentration of water flow or storm water 14. Why do sinkhole occurs? a. Because of the heavy loads of surface structures b. Because of water impoundments like basins, ponds, dams c. Because of the disturbance of the soil like digging soil layers, etc. d. All of these 15. A landslide happened in Naga City, Cebu in 2018 and the following were the effects except ___________. a. Loss of life b. Damage of property c. Disastrous flooding d. Death of people and animals Geological Hazards: Causes and Signs At the end of this lesson, you are expected to: * identify the different types of geological hazards; *understand the signs and causes of geological hazards; and *write the importance of understanding the signs and causes of geological  Instructions: Classify the following statements according to the topics in the first quarter. Copy the table below on a separate of paper and write the corresponding letter of your answer to where it should belong. A. The impact of hazards is physical and psychological. B. Disaster knows no political boundaries. C. Different sectors of the society have different levels of vulnerability to disaster. D. Seismic hazard map is the hazard map associated with potential earthquakes in a particular area. E. Process wherein molten rocks are emitted in the form of flowing masses of lava. F. Tephra fall is a shower of fine-to-coarse grained products of volcanic eruption. G. Duck-Cover -and Hold is a position to do during earthquake. H. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is common among the victims of disaster. I. Technological Hazard, Environmental and Socio- economic, political and security hazards are example of human-induced hazards. J. Epidemic to flora and fauna is a biological impact. Geological Hazard is defined as an extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that pose a threat to life and property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis (tidal waves) and landslides. (Glossary of Environment Statistics, 1997)  CREEP – imperceptibly slow, DISSOLUTION SINKHOLES steady, downward movement of slope Dissolution of the limestone or dolomite is forming soil or rock. most intensive where the water first contacts the rock surface. Aggressive dissolution also occurs where flow is focused SLUMP – involve both soil and in preexisting openings in the rock, travel short distances and vary from rock, such as along joints, fractures, and slow to very rapid. bedding planes, and in the zone of water-table fluctuation TYPES where groundwater is ROCK/DEBRIS SLIDE - When debris from in contact with the atmosphere. rockfalls and slumps mix with water, they can transform into debris slides that can travel great distances. ROCKFALL - Rockfall and topples involve rocks, are very to extremely rapid and can travel great distances; DEBRIS FLOW - the initial debris slide can pick up speed and develop into a debris avalanche or debris flow. If the mass erodes or follows a channel in the topography, it will generally be called a debris flow. MUDFLOW - Mudslides generally involve saturated soils moving at very to extremely rapid velocities and travel great distances. COVER-subsidence sinkholes develop gradually where the covering sediments are permeable and contain sand. In areas where cover material is thicker or sediments contain more clay, cover subsidence sinkholes are relatively uncommon, are smaller, and may go undetected for long periods. COVER-collapse sinkholes develop abruptly (over a period of hours) and cause catastrophic damages. They occur where the covering sediments contain a significant amount of clay. Over time, surface drainage, erosion, and deposition of sinkhole into a shallower bowl- shaped depression.  Two forces affecting landslide: -Decline of water levels - drought, groundwater pumping (wells, quarries, 1. Driving Force (DF) cause the slope to move mines) 2. Resisting Forces (RF) stabilize the slope and - Disturbance of the soil - digging through prevent movement When the driving forces soil layers, soil removal, drilling exceed -Point-source of water - leaking the resisting forces, landslides occur. To water/sewer pipes, injection of water prevent or mitigate landslides, increase -Concentration of water flow - stormwater resisting forces or decrease driving forces. drains, swales, etc. -Water impoundments - basins, Common Factors increasing driving forces: ponds, dams Causes -Steep slopes -Heavy loads on the surface - -Lack of plants and trees in mountains structures, equipment -Rocks weakened due to weathering -sinkhole left open to take more -Breaking of rocks water may continue to grow and can -Slopes that are too heavy contribute to the appearance -Natural triggers of more sinkholes nearby. (Commonwealth -Intense rainfall of Pennsylvania , 2020) -Ground vibrations created during earthquakes -Volcanic activity -Man-made triggers  Factors increasing resisting forces: 1. Removing excess water from slopes 2. Adding buttress material at base Cracks on the ground, Trees or fence posts that tilt or highways, or concrete floors fall foundations that slant SIGNS Utility posts, trees, gates, and New small ponds that appear after rain walls of buildings tilt Cracks in the ground Bulging ground appears Sudden drainage of a pond Utility lines underground Rapid appearance of a hole in breaks the ground Ground water seeps to the Dips, depressions, slopes that surface appear in a yard Water in creeks or rivers Dead patches of grass or plants becomes murky Sinkholes in the neighborhood, Land movements and debris etc. (DRR Knows, 2018) downslope Other Information Landslide  Natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the karst processes or chemical dissolution of carbonate rocks. Sinkholes form in what geologist’s call Sinkholes “karst terrain.” Karst terrain is a region where the bedrock can be dissolved by ground water. Bedrock in a karst area typically is limestone, dolomite (a rock like limestone but with magnesium along with the calcium normally present in the minerals that form the rocks) or gypsum. Karst areas are characterized by special features not present elsewhere: springs, caves, dry streams that lose water underground, and sinkholes.  Activity 1 – Word Search Puzzle! Instructions: Answer the following questions below and find these words in the word search box. ______1. A region where the bedrock can be dissolved by ground water. ______2. Together with topples, it involves rocks, are very to extremely rapid and can travel great distances. ______3. An extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that poses a ______4. The movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. ______5. Occurs where flow is focused in pre-existing openings in the rock. ______6. An area of ground that has no natural external surface drainage when it ______7. Refers to when the mass erodes or follows a channel in the topography. ______8. It develops gradually where the covering sediments are permeable and contain sand. ______9. It involves both soil and rock, travel short distances and vary from slow to  Compare and contrast rain- induced landslide and sinkholes using a Venn diagram on a separate sheet of paper. Rain-Induced Sinkholes Landslide For Print and Digital Students: Write it on a separate sheet of paper. For Online students: Record the interview and send through google classroom. Interview at least 2-3 adult members of your family or neighborhood about their idea of landslide and sinkholes. Ask the following questions and give your insights on their answers. GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR THE INTERVIEWEE. 1. What is landslide and sinkhole for you? Have you seen one? 2. How does it occur? 3. Do you think we can prevent a landslide and sinkholes to happen? 4. What do you think we should do to prepare for these geological hazards? GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR THE INTERVIEWER. (Record yourself.) 1. What did you feel upon interviewing your adult members or neighborhood on their ideas of landslide or sinkholes? 2. Do you think they have enough knowledge about the geological hazards? 3. Give your other realizations or insights upon the interview.  Instructions. Read each sentence carefully and choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following describes a sinkhole? a. It varies from a few feet to hundreds of acres and from less than 1 to more than 100 feet deep. b. It forms a Karst Terrain. c. Both A and B d. Either A or B 2. Which is an example of a geological hazard? a. Earthquake c. Fire b. El Niṅo d. Thunderstorm 3. A town which experienced a rain-induced landslide in 2003. a. Badian, Cebu b. Pangan Island, Southern Leyte c. Barili, Cebu d. Kabankalan,Negros Oriental 4. Which of the following signs indicate an incoming landslide? a. Bulging ground appear b. Small changes in heat flow c. New small ponds that appear after rain d. Unusual disappearance of water, or oncoming wall of water 5. _______ is a region where the bedrock can be dissolved by ground water. a. Avalanche c. Karst Terrain b. Debris d. Sinkhole 6. Which of the following is a landslide’s mode of failure? a. Slide c. Topple b. Spread d. All of these 7. Which of the following does not describe a Cover-subsidence sinkhole? a. It develops gradually. b. It develops over a period of hours. c. It may be undetected for long periods. 8. What is the relationship of the two driving forces which causes a landslide? a. Landslide occurs when the driving forces exceed the resisting forces. b. Landslide occurs when the resisting forces exceed the driving forces. c. Landslide occurs when the resisting forces is equal to the driving forces. d. Landslide occurs when the resisting 9. A type of sinkhole in which it occurs where the covering sediments contain a significant amount of clay. a. Avalanche b. Dissolution c. Cover-subsidence sinkhole d. Cover-collapse sinkhole 10. Which of the following is not a bedrock in a karst area? a. Dolomite c. Limestone b. Gypsum d. Pebbles 11. It is a type of landslide’s mode of failure in which abrupt movements of masses of geologic materials become detached from steep slopes or cliffs. a. Fall c. Spread b. Slides d. Topple 12. Which of the following describes a rainfall-induced landslide? a. Shaking of the ground. b. A lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent. c. Creates wide opening of the ground with more than 100 feet deep. d. It is caused by heavy rain due to storms and southwest monsoon. 13. Roderick wanted to know the causes of landslide, so he studied about it and found out the following except _________. a. Steep slopes b. Slopes that are too heavy c. Lack of plants and trees in mountains d. Concentration of water flow, storm 14. You saw a sudden drainage of the pond in your neighborhood while you were roaming around, what does it indicate? a. A landslide will happen. b. There will be an earthquake. c. A volcanic eruption would occur. d. A sudden sinkhole would appear. 15. What does a murky water in creeks or rivers indicate? a. A landslide will happen. b. There will be an earthquake. c. A volcanic eruption would occur. d. A sudden sinkhole would Additional Activities For Online and Digital students: Create a vlog which talks about what you can do to help the community be aware of the danger of landslide and sinkholes. Criteria: Content – 35%, Creativity and originality – 35% and  For Print students: Create an infographic or leaflets using a bond paper and art materials which shows information regarding the danger of landslide and sinkholes THANK YOU!