Introduction to Basic Terminologies of Hadith PDF

Introduction to the Basic Terminologies of Hadith Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan. Email : [email protected] Contact # : +92,320,7863888 ...

Introduction to the Basic Terminologies of Hadith Department of Islamic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Riphah International University Islamabad, Pakistan. Email : [email protected] Contact # : +92,320,7863888  Lecture Objectives ⁕ To explain the meaning of Hadith & Sunnah ⁕ To explain the basic terminologies of Hadith ⁕ To know the relation Between Hadith & Sunnah ⁕ To know the different classifications of Hadith Definition of Hadith ⁂ The Arabic word Hadith (‫ )حديث‬in its real sense (literally) means a “tale, speech, chat, conversation or communication.” When it is used as an adjective it means “new, modern and recent.” ⁂ In the Islamic Terminology Hadith means “what has been transmitted on the authority of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), All the sayings, actions (deeds), Tacit Approval (silent agreement) and descriptions of the personality (both his character and physique) of Prophet Muhammad ‫ﷺ‬.” (An Introduction To The Science Of Hadith, The Classification Of Hadith: According To The Reference To A Particular Authority, http://www.islamic.awareness.org/Hadith/Ulum/asb1.html ) Definition of Sunnah * Literally the Arabic word Sunnah (‫ )سنة‬means “a practice, a way or course, a rule, a mode or manner of life, a precedent [model], and a custom [norm, tradition].” * In technical sense, the word Sunnah implies “the doings, practices and the model behaviour of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)”. * The Sunnah is the actual embodiment [picture, example] of the will of Allah, shown in the actions of Prophet Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬. (An Introduction To The Science Of Hadith, The Classification Of Hadith: According To The Reference To A Particular Authority, http://www.islamic.awareness.org/Hadith/Ulum/asb1.html.)  The relation between Hadith & Sunnah Sunnah means the mode of life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and Hadith means his sayings, so these two terms are used almost interchangeably. According to Muhaddithin (Scholars of Hadith) Hadith and Sunnah are in same meaning. Other scholars explain them with a slight differencea between them because hadith contains saying, actions and silent approvals while Sunnah is related to the actions/practices  Classifications of Hadith 1) Classification of Hadith 2) Classification of Hadith in 3) Classification of Hadith in According to their Reliability and Respect to its origin Respect to the Number of the Weakness Narrators Involved in Each Stage of Chain of Narrators a) Hadith b) Hadith c) Hadith a) b) c) a) Mutawatir b) Ahad (The Sahih (The Hasan Da’eef Marfu’ Mawqoof Maqtu’ (The Successive Isolated) Most (The (The (The (The (The / Continuous) ost Authentic) Better) Weak) Elevated) Stopped) Severed) Authentic)  i) Classification of Hadith According to their Reliability and Weakness * According to their Reliability and Weakness, Ahadeeth are classified into 3 categories: a) Hadith Sahih: When a Hadith fulfills 5 conditions established by Hadith scholars, it is accepted as Sahih Hadith. 1. Continuity of the chain of narrators. 2. Integrity of the narrators 3. Soundness of memory. 4. Conformity 5. Absence of hidden defects b) Hadith Hasan: It refers to a Hadith that is below the standard of Sahih. This type of Hadith fulfills 4 above mentioned conditions except the soundness of memory of the narrators. c) Hadith Da’eef: It refers to a Hadith which is below the standard of Hasan. In this type of Hadith, more than one conditions (of Sahih Hadith) are not fulfilled. (Suhaib Hasan, An Introduction to the Science of Hadith. pp.44-48. https://books-library.net/files/books-library.online_noo1d70ecb2e21c9253cc7a57-44769.pdf)  ii) Classification of Hadith in Respect to its Origin a) Marfu’ (elevated): It refers to a Hadith attributed specifically to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and not to other than him. This is traced back directly to the Prophet. * Example of Marfu’ Hadith: Imam Bukhari reported from Abdullah Ibn Zubair Al-Humaidi who reported from Sufyan who reported from Yahya bin Sa'id al-Ansari who reported from Muhammad bin Ibrahim al-Taymi who reported from 'Alqamah bin Waqqas al-Laithi, who said: I heard Hazrat Umar bin al- Khattab saying, while on the pulpit, "I heard Allah's Messenger (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) saying: “The reward of deeds depends upon the intentions and every person will get the reward according to what he has intended. So whoever emigrated for worldly benefits or for a woman to marry, his emigration was for what he emigrated for.” (Sahih al-Bukhari, Revelation ‫ » كتاب بدء الوحى‬, Hadith 1) (Suhaib Hasan, An Introduction to the Science of Hadith. pp.19-20 https://books-library.net/files/books-library.online_noo1d70ecb2e21c9253cc7a57-44769.pdf) iii) Classification of Hadith in Respect to the Number of the Narrators Involved in Each Stage of Chain of Narrators a) Mutawatir (Successive / Continuous): This is the Hadith which is reported by such a large number of people at each level of the chain of narrators that it cannot be expected from them to agree upon a lie, all of them together. (Suhaib Hasan, An Introduction to the Science of Hadith. pp.30. https://books-library.net/files/books-library.online_noo1d70ecb2e21c9253cc7a57-44769.pdf Examples of Mutawatir Practices (Sunnahs) are the Five Daily Prayers, Fasting, Zakat, Hajj and Recitation of the Qur'an. Among the Mutawatir Ahadeeth, the following Hadith has been reported by at least 62 Companions. ( Sahih al-Bukhari, Knowledge‫ كتاب العلم‬, Hadith 106) b) Ahad (Isolated): It is also known as Khabr-e-Wahid. This is the Hadith which is reported by people at each level of the chain of narrators whose number does not reach the level of Mutawatir Hadith. (Suhaib Hasan, An Introduction to the Science of Hadith. pp.30. https://books-library.net/files/books library.online_noo1d70ecb2e21c9253cc7a57-44769.pdf) Examples of Ahad Hadith: Shu’bah report from Sahabi Qatadah who report this Hadith from Sahabi Anas that the Prophet said: “None of you is a believer until I am dearer to him than his child, his father, and the whole of mankind.” (Sahih Muslim, The Book of Faith ‫ كتاب اإليمان‬, Hadith 44 b)) ii) Classification of Hadith in Respect to the Continuity of the Chain of Narrators b) Mawqoof (stopped): It is the narration of a companion and his own statement. In this type, the chain of narrators stops at companions and does not reach the Prophet. For instance, “companions say that we have been commanded to do this”. * Example of Mawqoof Hadith: Hazrat Ibn ‘Umar said: “The waiting period of a woman who separates herself from her husband for compensation (Khula’) is a menstrual period.” (Sunan Abi Dawud, Divorce (Kitab Al-Talaq) ‫ كتاب الطالق‬, Hadith 2230) c) Maqtu’ (severed): It is the narration of a successor. In this type, chain of narrators stops at two steps-down i.e. at the level of successor. It is a hadith with a broken link in its chain of narrators at the level of a companion. A successor reports it directly from the Prophet. For instance, “a successor describes a statement or act of the Prophet without mentioning the name of the companion”. (Suhaib Hasan, An Introduction to the Science of Hadith. pp.19-20. https://books-library.net/files/books-library.online_noo1d70ecb2e21c9253cc7a57-44769.pdf) * Example of Maqtu’ Hadith: Imam Muslim reports that (Taba’i) Ibn Sirin said: “This knowledge (i.e. Hadith) is the Religion, so be careful from whom you take your religion.” (Sahih Muslim, Introduction, Hadith no. 26) References 1. https://www.allahsword.com/ebooks/Hadith/usool-al-hadeeth-the-methodology-of-hadith- evaluation pdf 2. Taqi Usmani, The Autority of Sunnah, P. 6-113 2. Bilal Philips, Usool Al-Hadith, P: 04-14 https://ia800302.us.archive.org/30/items/TheAuthorityOfSunnah By Mufti Taqi Usmani/The-authorty-of-Sunnah-EN.pdf 3. Muhadaraat-e-Hadith by Dr. Mehmood Ahmad Ghazi https://archive.org/details/muhaziratehadithbyshaykhdrmehmoodahmadghazi 4. An Introduction To The Science Of Hadith, The Classification Of Hadith: According To The Reference To A https://www.islamic-awareness.org/hadith/ulum/asb1.html Particular Authority, http://www.islamic awareness.org/Hadith/Ulum/asb1.html. 11. http://islamkashmir.org/book/introduction-to-al-hadith/ch-3/classification-of-hadith