Volcanic Eruptions Q3 Science PDF

INTRODUCTION Have you ever seen a volcano erupt? Perhaps, you were awed by the spectacular display of colors of every hot materials ejected from Mayon volcano during its eruption in 2018. But this stunning natural phenomena can also cause disaster to the communities surrounding the volc...

INTRODUCTION Have you ever seen a volcano erupt? Perhaps, you were awed by the spectacular display of colors of every hot materials ejected from Mayon volcano during its eruption in 2018. But this stunning natural phenomena can also cause disaster to the communities surrounding the volcano, and even to the communities that are far from the erupting volcano. Who could forget the terrible eruption of the Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 after 600 years of inactivity? Based on statistics, in the first five years following the eruption, lahars destroyed homes of more than 100,000 people. Lahars also covered about 120,000 hectares with sediments to an average depth of about one meter, and floods spread rock debris over a large area. The eruption also affected other countries as its emissions in the atmosphere lowered the air temperature. At the end of this module, you are expected to describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption, and explain what happens when volcanoes erupt. But before we proceed to our lessons, let us have a short quiz to assess your present knowledge. Remember, this will help you evaluate how much knowledge you have gained as you go through these lessons. Read the following items carefully and write the letter of the best answer. 1. Which of the following statements is true about inac- due to contact between water and magma? tive volcanoes? a. phreatic c. phreatomagmatic a. Volcanoes that might erupt anytime b. strombolian d. plinian b. Volcanoes that have record of eruption within 6. What type of volcanic eruption is driven by explosive the last 600 years expanding steam resulting from surface water coming c. Volcanoes that have no records of eruption for into contact with magma? the last 10,000 years a. phreatic c. vulcanian d. None of the above b. strombolian d. plinian 2. What type of volcano possesses a steep slope and 7. What type of volcanic eruption that is characterized wide crater? by fountain of viscous lava? a. shield volcano c. composite volcano a. phreatic c. vulcanian b. cinder cone volcano d. stratovolcano b. strombolian d. plinian 3. What will happen to the viscosity of magma when the 8. Pelean eruption is said to be the most violent of all temperature increases? types of volcanic eruptions. a. also increases c. will remain the same a. true b. false b. decreases d. they are not related 9. Quiet eruption is caused by highly viscous magma 4. What do you call the type of volcano that is shown inside the vent that easily solidifies, and forms a below? blockage in the crater of the volcano. a. shield volcano a. true b. false b. cinder cone volcano 10. PHIVOLCS have listed five types of volcanic c. composite volcano eruptions. d. inactive volcano a. true b. false 5. Which of the following volcanic eruptions that occurs Lesson 4: Explosive & Quiet Eruptions Volcanoes erupt differently. Some volcanoes erupt violently, while others are relatively more quiet. In 2013, Mayon Volcano erupted explosively, ejecting huge quantities of ash and debris. Why do volcanoes erupt explosively? In an explosive eruption, highly viscous magma inside the vent easily solidifies. It then forms a blockage in the crater of a volcano and prevents the release of gases from the magma below, increasing the pressure inside the vent. When this pressure builds up, the gases will be released, causing semi -molten rocks from the volcano to be ejected. This eruption is violent. Most volcanoes in the Philippines erupt violently, a common occurrence in the Pacific Ring of Fire. Very fluid magma, on the other hand, allows the expanding gases to move upward and escape easily from the vent. Magma that is ejected with the escaping gases can reach hundreds of meters into the air. This eruption is specular; it is neither loud nor explosive. Volcanoes found in the ridge system erupt quietly. Lesson 5: Types of Volcanic Eruptions The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) lists six type of volcanic eruptions. Phreatic An explosion driven by steam produced when groundwater is heated due to underlying heat source. This involves only water, steam, and ash with other rock fragments derived from preexisting rock, without ejection of fresh magmatic materials An example of this is the eruption of Mayon Volcano in 2006. 1  Phreatomagmatic An eruption that results from an ejection of magmatic gases and steam produced by the conversion of groundwater to steam by ascending magma. The gases and steam are mixed with fine ash with or without accretionary Iapilli (smalI-sized volcanic rocks growing in size) and variably-sized volcanic bombs fragmented from the preexisting rock formations and fresh magmatic ejecta. The eruptions form a high eruption column with a radially spreading, ring-shaped horizontal cloud at the base. An example is the eruption in Kavachi Volcano in the Solomon Islands in 2000. Vulcanian An eruption resulting from the release of large quantities of accumulated magmatic gas, which lifts fine ash with great force high into the air, forming voluminous cauliflower clouds. A small vulcanian eruption happened in Batu Tara Volcano in Indonesia in 1998. Strombolian A weak to violent eruption characterized by lava fountains and outbursts of molten lava. Typical materials ejected are egg-shaped. Ash is relatively scarce and the eruption cloud is generally yellowish to white. The eruption of Mount Etna in Italy in 2002 was strombolian. Pelean An eruption that occurs when gas-rich (high water content), pasty (high silica content) lava accumulates to form a dome on the volcano edifice or beneath its surface. Consequently, the dome bursts with explosive violence. During this dome-bursting episode, the liberated gas propels ash and other pyroclastic materials at great velocity and may cause the formation of a tall eruption column. Following the collapse of the dome or of the tall eruption column, a glowing avalanche or nuée ardente can be seen rapidly moving toward the lower slopes and base of the volcano. Plinian It is said to be the most violent of all types of volcanic eruptions. An explosion characterized by voluminous ejections of pumice and by ash flows. The release of gas-rich siliceous magma is commonly accompanied by the collapse of the top of the volcanic cone, or by the collapse of a broader region. Plinian eruptions may result in the formation of caldera or volcano-tectonic depressions. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy in 1779 is an example of a plinian eruption. To assess your knowledge you have gathered from this lesson, answer the quiz below. Match the description in column A with the type of volcanic eruption in column B. A B a. Phreatic 1. An eruption occurs when the dome or of the tall eruption column collapses and 1.____ b. Phreatomagmatic produces avalanche. 2. An eruption that evolves steam which is produced when groundwater is heated 2.____ c. Vulcanian d. Strombolian due to underlying heat source. 3.____ 3. An eruption characterized by lava fountains and outbursts of molten lava. e. Pelean 4.____ 4. An eruption that results from an ejection of magmatic gases and steam pro- f. Plinian duced by the conversion of groundwater to steam by ascending magma. 5. The eruption that is said to be the most violent of all types of volcanic erup- 5.____ tions. 6. An eruption that results to formation of a voluminous cauliflower clouds. 6.____ 2 Lesson 6: Effects of Volcanic Eruptions Although many people fear volcanic eruptions, they still are visually stunning phenomena. Some even risk their lives to see the spectacular display of incandescent materials coming out of a volcano. But no matter how beautiful it is to observe, a volcanic eruption is a dangerous event. Volcanic Materials and Hazards According to PHIVOLCS, the materials ejected from volcanoes have accompanying hazards. Pyroclastic flow is the fast movement of a turbulent mass of fragmental volcanic materials (ash and rocks) mixed with hot gases down the slope at speeds of more than 60 km/h. The high temperature of pyroclastic flows can burn everything along their path. Lava flow is a stream-like flow of incandescent, molten rock materials erupted from a volcano. Areas that are buried by lava flow will be unusable for long periods of time as the lava solidifies. Ashfall or tephra fall is a shower of fine-to-coarse-grained volcanic materials and other airborne products of a volcanic eruption. When inhaled, these fine ash particles can cause respiratory problems. The accumulation of ashfall can result in the collapse of residential roofs. Lahar is a rapid-flowing thick mixture of volcanic material and water, usually generated along river channels by extreme rainfall. Lahar deposits can bury areas with volcanic debris several meters thick. Volcanic gases refer to the high-temperature mixture of water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride released into the atmosphere. Volcanic gases are harmful to health. Debris avalanches, tsunamis, and secondary explosions may also happen during a volcanic eruption. A debris avalanche or volcanic landslide is the massive collapse of a huge portion of a volcano, usually triggered by an earthquake or a volcanic eruption. Tsunamis are waves brought about by the sudden displacement of water during volcanic eruptions. These could also be the result of undersea eruptions or by debris avalanches. Lastly, secondary explosion is a noneruptive event generated when groundwater comes in contact with still hot pyroclastic flow deposits at the slope of a volcano and converts it into steam. What can you say about the effects of volcanic eruptions, and to its potential risks to the communities surrounding the volcano? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ The Role of PHIVOLCS in Disaster Risk Management The role of PHIVOLCS in disaster risk management are summarized as follows: Predict the occurrence of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the Philippines. Determine how volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. Determine areas that are likely to be affected. Generate sufficient data for forecasting volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Formulate appropriate disaster preparedness and plans to lessen the possible effects of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. You did great! Now, to assess your knowledge acquired from this module, answer the assessment below. ASSESSMENT FOR MODULE 2: The Volcanic Eruption A. Read each item carefully and write the letter of the best answer. 1. What do you call the eruption which is characterized ejection of magmatic gases and steam produced by the by lava fountains and outbursts of molten lava? conversion of groundwater to steam by ascending a. phreatic c. phreatomagmatic magma? b. strombolian d. plinian a. phreatic c. phreatomagmatic 2. What do you call the eruption which is driven by b. vulcanian d. plinian steam produced when groundwater is heated due to 5. What do you call the eruption that is said to be the underlying heat source? most violent of all types of volcanic eruptions? a. phreatic c. phreatomagmatic a. phreatic c. phreatomagmatic b. strombolian d. plinian b. vulcanian d. plinian 3. What do you call the eruption which occurs when the 6. What do you call the eruption that may result in the dome or of the tall eruption column collapses and formation of caldera or volcano-tectonic depressions? produces a glowing avalanche? a. phreatic c. phreatomagmatic a. phreatic c. vulcanian b. pelean d. plinian b. vulcanian d. plinian 4. What do you call the eruption that results from an 3 7. What do you call the eruption resulting from the inside the vent that easily solidifies, and forms a release of large quantities of accumulated magmatic blockage in the crater of the volcano. gas, which lifts fine ash with great force high into the b. true b. false 10. Plinian eruption is said to be the most violent of all air, forming voluminous cauliflower clouds? types of volcanic eruptions. a. phreatic c. phreatomagmatic a. true b. false b. vulcanian d. plinian 8. Which of the following statements is not one of the roles of PHIVOLCS in disaster risk management? a. Determine areas that are likely to be affected. b. Generate sufficient data for forecasting volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. c. Formulate appropriate disaster preparedness and plans to lessen the possible effects of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. d. Control the occurrence of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the Philippines. 8. PHIVOLCS have listed five types of volcanic eruptions. a. true b. false 9. Quiet eruption is caused by highly viscous magma B. Briefly explain what happens when volcanoes erupt. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ C. What did you experience/ other experience during Mayon Volcano eruption? What measures are done by the LGU to secure the safety and health of the people? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ REFERENCES FOR MODULE 1 Text Book/s: Science in Today’s World: The New Grade 9 by Dr. Eden Vela-Evangelista, Dr. Gloria Lajara Follosco, Dr. Adora Soriano-Pili, Dr. Rosario Laurel-Sotto 9. B 10. B 8. B Science 9 Learner’s Module by Department of Edu- 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 2. B 1. C cation; Republic of the Philippines Module 1: Pre-Test 4  SCIENCE 9 QUARTER 3 MODULE 2 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET Name of Student : ______________________________ Grade Level & Section: _____________________ Lesson 5: Types of Volcanic Eruptions 1. _______ 3.________ 5.________ 2._______ 4.________ 6.________ Volcanic Materials and Hazards What can you say about the effects of volcanic eruptions, and to its potential risks to the communities sur- rounding the volcano? _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ASSESSMENT A. 1._________ 3._________ 5._________ 7._________ 9._________ 2._________ 4._________ 6._________ 8._________ 10._________ B. Briefly explain what happens when volcanoes erupt. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ C. What did you experience/ other experience during Mayon Volcano eruption? What measures are done by the LGU to secure the safety and health of the people? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5  ZAMORA MEMORIAL COLLEGE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT S.Y.: 2021-2022 SCIENCE 9 Module 2: The Volcanic Eruption Quarter III | Week 2 Core Value: Excellence Careful analysis and proper description of the different types of volcanic eruptions Compassion Sympathetic consciousness of people affected by volcanic eruptions PVMGO: General Objective To develop the 21st century skills among graduates to ensure their active and sustained participation in the learning process. Specific Objective Display communicative competence, think intelligently, critically, and creatively. Subject Teachers Mr. Ryan B. Guadaña Ms. Gem Alison Brutas 09152078946 09301911682 FB Account: Ryan Guadaña FB Account: Gem Brutas 6