VET TECH stomach and bladder.docx

**Ultrasound of the Stomach** From the xiphoid position, slide the transducer caudally so that the stomach is in short axis (in transverse section) even though the transducer is still aligned with the long axis of the patient Evaluate the stomach in its entirety in both long- and short-axis images...

**Ultrasound of the Stomach** From the xiphoid position, slide the transducer caudally so that the stomach is in short axis (in transverse section) even though the transducer is still aligned with the long axis of the patient Evaluate the stomach in its entirety in both long- and short-axis images. When the transducer is swept toward the right side, the pyloroduodenal junction is visualized as the thickened area of the muscularis between the pylorus and proximal duodenum. https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2016/01/T1601C08\_Fig07.jpg **Figure 7. Long-axis image of a transverse section of the body of the stomach in a dog (A) and cat (B). In the cat, the bright submucosa is seen to be hyperechoic due to the fat deposition in this layer (arrow).** **Ultrasound of the Urinary Bladder** Move the transducer caudally to a central and caudal abdominal position. Evaluate the urinary bladder in long and short axes. Always evaluate the trigone area carefully, particularly as it extends caudally into the urethra or prostate gland (if the dog is a male)  **Figure 14. Long-axis view of the urinary bladder in a dog (A). Short-axis image of the urinary bladder cranial to the trigone (B).** **Measurements to obtain bladder volume is Length x Width x Height x 0.523.** **Ultrasound of the Left Kidney & Left Adrenal Gland** From the level of the spleen, move the transducer with a medial and slightly caudal distance motion to identify the left kidney (**Figure 10**) and evaluate the kidney in long and short axes. From the left kidney, angle the probe medially; the abdominal aorta is seen in long axis (**Figure 11**). The celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries and the left renal artery form the cranial and caudal vascular delimiters, respectively, for the area where the left adrenal gland can be found (**Figure 12**). Part 2 of this article will discuss identification of the right kidney and adrenal gland. Figure 10. Long-axis sagittal (A) and short-axis transverse (B) imaging planes of the left kidney in a dog. **Figure 10. Long-axis sagittal (A) and short-axis transverse (B) imaging planes of the left kidney in a dog.**  **Figure 11. Long-axis image of the abdominal aorta in a dog; the cranial direction is still to the viewer's left.** Figure 12. Long-axis image of the celiac (long arrow) and cranial mesenteric (short arrow) arteries and the left adrenal gland (arrow head) in a dog. **Figure 12. Long-axis image of the celiac (long arrow) and cranial mesenteric (short arrow) arteries and the left adrenal gland (arrow head) in a dog.**