Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the direction of the transducer motion to evaluate the stomach in short-axis images?
What is the direction of the transducer motion to evaluate the stomach in short-axis images?
- Medial
- Lateral
- Cephalad
- Caudally (correct)
What is the area of evaluation when the transducer is swept toward the right side?
What is the area of evaluation when the transducer is swept toward the right side?
- Pylorus
- Gastric antrum
- Proximal duodenum
- Pyloroduodenal junction (correct)
What is the reason for the bright submucosa in the cat's stomach?
What is the reason for the bright submucosa in the cat's stomach?
- Fat deposition (correct)
- Inflammation
- Gastric emptying
- Muscular hypertrophy
What is the correct transducer position to evaluate the urinary bladder?
What is the correct transducer position to evaluate the urinary bladder?
What is the area that requires careful evaluation in the urinary bladder?
What is the area that requires careful evaluation in the urinary bladder?
What is the formula to calculate bladder volume?
What is the formula to calculate bladder volume?
What is the direction of the transducer motion to identify the left kidney?
What is the direction of the transducer motion to identify the left kidney?
What is visualized in long-axis after angling the probe medially from the left kidney?
What is visualized in long-axis after angling the probe medially from the left kidney?
What forms the cranial and caudal vascular delimiters for the left adrenal gland?
What forms the cranial and caudal vascular delimiters for the left adrenal gland?
Which imaging planes are mentioned in relation to the left kidney in a dog?
Which imaging planes are mentioned in relation to the left kidney in a dog?
Where can the left adrenal gland be identified in relation to the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries?
Where can the left adrenal gland be identified in relation to the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries?
Which artery is NOT listed as forming a delimiter for the left adrenal gland?
Which artery is NOT listed as forming a delimiter for the left adrenal gland?
What can be inferred about the left renal artery from the content?
What can be inferred about the left renal artery from the content?
What is the orientation of the transducer in relation to the patient's long axis when evaluating the stomach in short-axis images?
What is the orientation of the transducer in relation to the patient's long axis when evaluating the stomach in short-axis images?
Which part of the stomach is visualized when the transducer is swept toward the right side?
Which part of the stomach is visualized when the transducer is swept toward the right side?
What is a characteristic feature of the submucosa in the cat's stomach?
What is a characteristic feature of the submucosa in the cat's stomach?
What is the purpose of evaluating the trigone area of the urinary bladder?
What is the purpose of evaluating the trigone area of the urinary bladder?
What structure is visualized in long-axis after angling the probe medially from the left kidney?
What structure is visualized in long-axis after angling the probe medially from the left kidney?
What is the purpose of evaluating the left kidney in long and short axes?
What is the purpose of evaluating the left kidney in long and short axes?
What is the significance of measuring bladder volume?
What is the significance of measuring bladder volume?
Why is it important to evaluate the stomach in both long- and short-axis images?
Why is it important to evaluate the stomach in both long- and short-axis images?
What vascular structures are identified as the delimiters for the left adrenal gland?
What vascular structures are identified as the delimiters for the left adrenal gland?
Where is the left adrenal gland visually located in relation to the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries?
Where is the left adrenal gland visually located in relation to the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries?
What type of image provides a view of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries alongside the left adrenal gland?
What type of image provides a view of the celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries alongside the left adrenal gland?
What kind of imaging is primarily used to evaluate the anatomy of the left kidney?
What kind of imaging is primarily used to evaluate the anatomy of the left kidney?
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Study Notes
Ultrasound of the Stomach
- Position the transducer at the xiphoid and slide it caudally to visualize the stomach in short axis (transverse section).
- Assess the stomach in both long- and short-axis images for comprehensive evaluation.
- Sweeping the transducer toward the right side reveals the pyloroduodenal junction, noted as a thickened muscularis area between the pylorus and proximal duodenum.
- In cats, the submucosa appears hyperechoic due to fat deposition, making it distinctive on ultrasound images.
Ultrasound of the Urinary Bladder
- Position the transducer caudally in the central abdominal area for urinary bladder evaluation.
- Evaluate imagery in long and short axes, with attention to the trigone area, particularly its extension into the urethra or prostate gland in male dogs.
- Measurement for bladder volume can be calculated using the formula: Length x Width x Height x 0.523.
Ultrasound of the Left Kidney & Left Adrenal Gland
- Locate the left kidney by moving the transducer medially and slightly caudally from the spleen.
- Evaluate the left kidney in both long and short axes for complete assessment.
- Angle the probe medially from the left kidney to visualize the abdominal aorta in the long axis.
- The celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries, along with the left renal artery, delineate the area containing the left adrenal gland.
Ultrasound of the Stomach
- Position the transducer at the xiphoid and slide it caudally to visualize the stomach in short axis (transverse section).
- Assess the stomach in both long- and short-axis images for comprehensive evaluation.
- Sweeping the transducer toward the right side reveals the pyloroduodenal junction, noted as a thickened muscularis area between the pylorus and proximal duodenum.
- In cats, the submucosa appears hyperechoic due to fat deposition, making it distinctive on ultrasound images.
Ultrasound of the Urinary Bladder
- Position the transducer caudally in the central abdominal area for urinary bladder evaluation.
- Evaluate imagery in long and short axes, with attention to the trigone area, particularly its extension into the urethra or prostate gland in male dogs.
- Measurement for bladder volume can be calculated using the formula: Length x Width x Height x 0.523.
Ultrasound of the Left Kidney & Left Adrenal Gland
- Locate the left kidney by moving the transducer medially and slightly caudally from the spleen.
- Evaluate the left kidney in both long and short axes for complete assessment.
- Angle the probe medially from the left kidney to visualize the abdominal aorta in the long axis.
- The celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries, along with the left renal artery, delineate the area containing the left adrenal gland.
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