Vascular System HW Angela Daniels PDF

9 The Vascular System KEY TERMS Exercise 1 Match the following structural terms with their definitions. A 1. vasa vasorum _______ F 2. tunica media _______ E 3. tunica adventitia _______ B _______ 4. tunica intima D 5. anastomosis _______ A. B. C. D. Tiny arteries and veins that supply the wal...

9 The Vascular System KEY TERMS Exercise 1 Match the following structural terms with their definitions. A 1. vasa vasorum _______ F 2. tunica media _______ E 3. tunica adventitia _______ B _______ 4. tunica intima D 5. anastomosis _______ A. B. C. D. Tiny arteries and veins that supply the walls of blood vessels Inner layer of the vascular system Minute vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems Communication between two blood vessels without any intervening capillary network E. Outer layer of the vascular system, contains the vasa vasorum F. Middle layer of the vascular system; veins have thinner tunica media than arteries C 6. capillaries _______ Exercise 2 Match the following arterial terms with their definitions. H _______   1. superior mesenteric artery D _______   2. arteries _______   3. left hepatic artery M I _______   4. common iliac arteries A _______   5. right renal artery G _______   6. gastroduodenal artery L _______   7. aorta J _______   8. inferior mesenteric artery _______   9. left gastric artery B N 10. splenic artery _______ E 11. common hepatic artery _______ C 12. right hepatic artery _______ K 13. left renal artery _______ F 14. right gastric artery _______ A. Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta, travels posterior to the inferior vena cava to supply the kidney B. Arises from the celiac axis to supply the stomach and lower third of the esophagus C. Supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery D. Vascular structures that carry blood away from the heart E. Arises from the celiac trunk to supply the liver F. Supplies the stomach G. Branch of the common hepatic artery that supplies the stomach and duodenum H. Arises inferior to the celiac axis to supply the proximal half of the colon and the small intestine I. The abdominal aorta bifurcates at the level of the umbilicus into these, which supply blood to the lower extremities J. Arises from the anterior aortic wall at the level of the third or fourth lumbar vertebra to supply the left transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum K. Arises from the posterolateral wall of the aorta directly into the hilus of the kidney L. Largest arterial structure in the body; arises from the left ventricle to supply blood to the head, upper and lower extremities, and abdominopelvic cavity M. Small branch supplying the caudate and left lobes of the liver N. Arises from the celiac axis to supply the spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum 61 Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 9   The Vascular System Exercise 3 Match the following venous terms with their definitions. A _______ 1. splenic vein F 2. hepatic veins _______ C 3. portal vein _______ I _______ 4. right renal vein B 5. veins _______ _______ D 6. inferior mesenteric vein G 7. left renal vein _______ E 8. superior mesenteric vein _______ H 9. inferior vena cava _______ A. Drains the spleen; travels horizontally across abdomen (posterior to the pancreas) to join the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein B. Collapsible vascular structures that carry blood back to the heart C. Formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein near the porta hepatis of the liver D. Drains the left third of the colon and upper colon and joins the splenic vein E. Drains the proximal half of the colon and small intestine, travels vertically (anterior to the inferior vena cava) to join the splenic vein to form the portal veins F. Three large veins that drain the liver and empty into the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm G. Leaves the renal hilum, travels anterior to the aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava H. Largest venous abdominal vessel that conveys blood from the body below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart I. Leaves the renal hilum to enter the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava Exercise 4 Match the following pathology terms with their definitions. _______   1. cystic medial necrosis _______   2. aneurysm _______   3. Budd-Chiari syndrome _______   4. arteriosclerosis _______   5. fusiform aneurysm _______   6. TIPS _______   7. saccular aneurysm _______   8. atherosclerosis _______   9. cavernous transformation of the portal vein _______ 10. dissecting aneurysm _______ 11. arteriovenous fistula _______ 12. portal venous hypertension _______ 13. pseudoaneurysm _______ 14. Marfan syndrome _______ 15. true aneurysm A. Disease of the arterial vessels marked by thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls B. Condition in which the aortic wall becomes irregular from plaque formation C. Tear in the intima or media of the abdominal aorta D. Permanent localized dilatation of an artery, with an increase of 1.5 times its normal diameter E. Periportal collateral channels in patients with chronic portal vein obstruction F. Circumferential enlargement of a vessel with tapering at both ends G. Weakening of the arterial wall H. Pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into soft tissue abutting the punctured artery with fibrous encapsulation and failure of the vessel wall to heal I. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt J. Most commonly results from intrinsic liver disease; however, also results from obstruction of the portal vein, hepatic veins, inferior vena cava, or prolonged congestive heart failure; may cause flow reversal to the liver, thrombosis of the portal system, or cavernous transformation of the portal vein K. Communication between an artery and a vein L. Localized dilatation of the vessel M. Thrombosis of the hepatic veins N. Hereditary disorder of connective tissue, bones, muscles, ligaments, and skeletal structures O. Permanent dilation of an artery that forms when tensile strength of the arterial wall decreases 62 Chapter 9   The Vascular System Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Exercise 5 Match the following abdominal Doppler terms with their definitions. _______ 1. resistive _______ 2. hepatopetal _______ 3. nonresistive _______ 4. resistive index _______ 5. spectral broadening _______ 6. hepatofugal _______ 7. Doppler sample volume A. Vessels that have high diastolic component and supply organs that need constant perfusion (i.e., internal carotid artery, hepatic artery, and renal artery) B. Flow toward the liver C. Peak systole minus peak diastole divided by peak systole D. Flow away from the liver E. Vessels that have little or reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do not need a constant blood supply (i.e., external carotid artery and brachial arteries) F. Increased turbulence is seen within the spectral tracing that indicates flow disturbance G. Sonographer selects the exact site to record Doppler signals and sets the sample volume (gate) at this site. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Exercise 6 Label the following illustrations. 1. The abdominal arterial vascular system and its tributaries. 1. Left gastric artery Inferior mesenteric artery 8. 2. Suprarenal artery 9. Celiac trunk 3. Splenic artery 10. Common hepatic artery 4. Abdominal aorta 5. Superior mesenteric artery 11. Left renal artery 12. Gonadal artery 6. Common iliac artery 13. Middle sacral artery 7. External iliac artery 63 Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 9   The Vascular System 2. The celiac artery and its branches. 12. Left gastric artery 11. Abdominal aorta 10. 9. 1. Stomach Splenic artery Left hepatic artery 2. 8. Celiac artery 7. Spleen Common hepatic artery 6. Gastroduodenal artery 3. Left gastroepiploic artery 5. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery 4.Right gastroepiploic artery 3. The superior mesenteric artery. 1. 17. Duodenojejunal flexure Superior mesenteric artery Transverse mesocolon 16. 15. 14. 2. 3. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries Transverse colon Right colic artery 4. 13. Ileocolic artery 12. Celiac trunk 5. Jejunum Middle colic artery Ascending branch of ileocolic artery 6. 11. Ileal branch of ileocolic artery Ileal arteries 10.Cecal/ Posterior cecal artery 7. 9. Appendix Ileum 8. Appendicular artery 64 Chapter 9   The Vascular System Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4. The abdominal venous system and its tributaries. Phrenic vein 1. 10. Hepatic vein 2. Suprarenal vein 9. Renal vein Inferior vena cava 3. 8. Gonadal vein 4. 7. Middle sacral vein 6. External iliac vein Common iliac vein 5. Internal iliac vein 5. The portal vein. 1. Left branch of the portal vein 3. Short gastric veins 2. Left gastric vein 9. Right branch of the portal vein 8. 7. 4. Splenic vein Portal vein Superior mesenteric vein 5. Left gastroepiploic vein 6.Inferior mesenteric vein Exercise 7 Fill in the blank(s) with the word(s) that best completes the statements about the arterial and venous structures. 1. The root of the aorta arises from the ___________________ outflow tract in the heart. 2. The ___________________ passes anterior to the third part of the duodenum and posterior to the neck of the pancreas, where it joins the splenic vein to form the main portal vein. 3. The ___________________ supplies the gallbladder via the cystic artery and the liver. 65 Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 9   The Vascular System