Veterinary Anatomy PDF

# UNIDAD 1 ## 1.1.2 El cuerpo animal en el espacio: - Concepto de Tridimensión. - Planos espaciales y anatómicos. - Nomenclatura anatómica veterinaria. - Usos. - División sistemática del organismo animal. - Introducción a la Osteología. ## CONCEPTO DE TRIDIMENSIÓN La tridimensionalidad en anatom...

# UNIDAD 1 ## 1.1.2 El cuerpo animal en el espacio: - Concepto de Tridimensión. - Planos espaciales y anatómicos. - Nomenclatura anatómica veterinaria. - Usos. - División sistemática del organismo animal. - Introducción a la Osteología. ## CONCEPTO DE TRIDIMENSIÓN La tridimensionalidad en anatomía se refiere a la capacidad de representar la estructura y forma de un objeto en tres dimensiones, es decir, en términos de longitud, ancho y profundidad. Esto significa que se pueden observar y entender las relaciones espaciales entre las estructuras anatómicas, lo que es crucial para la comprensión de la estructura y función del cuerpo a estudiar. ## CONCEPTO DE TRIDIMENSIÓN La comprensión de la anatomía en tres dimensiones permite una mejor visualización de las relaciones espaciales entre las diferentes estructuras, lo que ayuda a comprender la función de cada estructura y cómo interactúan en el cuerpo. For example, the visualization of a muscle and its relation to the bones it adheres to can help you understand how a joint moves. Additionally, the tridimensionality can be useful in planning and performing medical and surgical procedures. Anatomical models in three dimensions can help medical professionals plan and prepare for complex procedures, increasing the safety and accuracy of the procedure. ## CONCEPTO DE TRIDIMENSIÓN Three-dimensionality is a valuable tool in understanding anatomy. It can help improve visualization and comprehension of the spatial relationships between different structures. This makes it essential to understand the function of the human body and for the planning and execution of medical and surgical procedures. ## DIRECCIÓN, POSICIONES Y PLANOS ESPACIALES Y ANATÓMICOS ## TÉRMINOS DIRECCIONALES ### Planimetría periférica In planimetría periférica, there are various faces or planes that are located at the level of the body's surface. **Ventral:** This surface is close to the abdomen. It's used in the head, neck, trunk, and tail. - **Dorsal:** This surface is close to the back. Used in the head, neck, trunk, tail, and the anterior parts of the hands and feet. - **Cranial:** This term is used to denote a structure that is near the head. This term is used for the neck, trunk, tail, and limbs proximal to the carpus and tarsus. To avoid confusion, cranial is changed to rostral for the head. - **Caudal:** This term is used to denote a structure that is near the tail. This term is used for the neck, trunk, tail, and limbs proximal to the carpus and tarsus. ### Términos direccionales - **Medial:** Towards the midline of the body. - **Lateral:** Towards the right or left side of the body. - **Distal:** Used in the limbs referring to structures that are farthest from the trunk. - **Proximal:** Used in the limbs referring to structures that are closest to the trunk. ### EJEMPLO DE POSICIONES - An animal standing on its four legs, its legs parallel with each other, neck stretched and eyes looking straight. ### POSITION ANATOMICA - Depending on the structure to be studied, it is placed on the dissection table. - Cúbito supino (dorso ventral): The body rests on its back. - Cúbito prone (ventro dorsal): The body is supported on its ventral side. - Cúbito lateral derecho e izquierdo: The body rests on its side. ## TÉRMINOS TOPOGRAFICOS ### PLANOS - **Cranial:** Head - **Caudal:** Tail - **Frontal:** A vertical plane that divides the body into two anatomic portions (dorsal and ventral). - **Ventral:** Away from the vertebral column or close to the inferior part of the abdominal wall. - **Dorsal:** A directional term meaning near the vertebral column. - **Medio or Sagital:** This imaginary plane cuts the body from head to tail and divides it into two equal halves - right and left. - **Plantar:** Refers to the caudal surface of hind limbs (below the tail). - **Distal:** The farthest point from the origin of a limb. - **Proximal:** The point nearest to the origin of a limb. ## VARIACIONES ANATÓMICAS - **Morphology:** The study of form. - **Morphology of animals:** The morphology of animals is not uniform. There are various animal forms, due to biotype, evolution, and environment. ## División sistemática del organismo animal. ### **Levels of Organization** - Atoms - Molecules - Cells - Tissue - Organs - Systems - Organism ## INTRODUCCIÓN A LA OSTEOLOGÍA Osteology is a branch of descriptive osteology that studies the shape, structure, and arrangement of the bones individually or in conjunction with the skeletal system. The term skeleton refers to the hard supporting framework that supports the animal body and protects its soft tissues. It is made up of a set of connected bones, cartilage, and ligaments.