UX204 - Chapters 4 and 5.pdf

UX204 hardware and software Chapters 4 and 5 Photo by Vlada Karpovich: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-working-at-home-using-her-laptop-4050290/ to do....

UX204 hardware and software Chapters 4 and 5 Photo by Vlada Karpovich: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-working-at-home-using-her-laptop-4050290/ to do. a set of tells the SOFTWARE: computer what instructions that There are two basic types of software: –Application software - we use to do tasks at home, school, work [i.e. Microsoft Word, Adobe Photoshop] –System software - helps run the computer run and coordinates instructions between the application software and the computer’s hardware devices. [macOS, Windows, Linux]  Ways software is created: –Proprietary (commercial): made by companies and sold for profit [Adobe Photoshop] –Open source (free): [LibreOffice] Photo by Caio : https://www.pexels.com/photo/turned-on-screen-silver-macbook-air-on-wooden-desk-56759/  Ways software is distributed: –Local installation: pay a one-time fee and download the software onto your computer [desktop tax preparation software] –Software as a Service (SaaS): vendor hosts software online [Google Docs] –Subscription: you pay monthly/ annual fee and get a license to use the software [Adobe]  Beta Software: software that is still under development but is often released early to the public [for free!] to use for a trial Photo by Caio : https://www.pexels.com/photo/turned-on-screen-silver-macbook-air-on-wooden-desk-56759/ period in hopes users will report bugs and errors they encounter. Before you download a software, you need to check your system requirements [the minimum recommended standards for the operating system, processor, RAM, and storage capacity.] Do you own the software once you purchase it? You own the license [which will let you use the software on one or a limited number of devices.] Software piracy is when you distribute more copies of the software than the license allows [don’t do this!] Open source software [like GNU General Public License] lets anyone use, modify and redistribute the software.  Productivity and Business Software: –Proprietary—Microsoft Office and Apple iWork –Open source—LibreOffice –Web-based—Microsoft Office Online, Google Docs, Zoho, and ThinkFree Photo by Salvatore De Lellis : https://www.pexels.com/photo/glass-panels-exterior-of-the-microsoft-building-9683980/ MICROSOFT 365: Word processing—creates and edits documents Excel—performs calculations and numerical analyses Outlook—calendars/tasks/ emails PowerPoint—presentations PERSONAL INFORMATION MANAGER [PIM] –Manages e-mail, contacts, calendars, and tasks –Outlook –Web-based PIMs ▪Yahoo! ▪Google –Other options ▪Toodledo ▪OmniFocus  PERSONAL FINANCIAL SOFTWARE: manages daily finances – Simplifi – Quicken – Mint Multimedia Software –Includes digital image, video-editing, and digital audio software [Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Premiere, etc.] –Used to produce computer games, animations, and movies EDUCATIONAL AND REFERENCE SOFTWARE: –Test preparation - to improve your performance on tests –Home design/improvement - provides 2D or 3D templates so you can visualize home projects –Course management - a virtual learning experience for students [uses course materials, tests, discussion boards] –Genealogy - charts family history Photo by energepic.com: https://www.pexels.com/photo/woman-sitting-in-front-of-macbook-313690/  SYSTEM SOFTWARE consists of two primary types of programs: the operating system and the utility programs. Photo by Letícia Alvares: https://www.pexels.com/photo/hands-typing-on-laptop-21367059/ Understanding System Software: –Operating system (OS) - group of programs that controls how your computer functions –Utility programs - a small program that performs many of the general housekeeping tasks for the computer [like virus protection, backup/restore software] OPERATING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS: –Manages computer’s hardware –Allows application software to work with CPU –Manage, schedule, coordinate tasks https://runestone.academy/ns/books/published/welcomecs/OperatingSystems/OperatingSystems.html  Modern desktop operating systems are [most] considered MULTIUSER, MULTITASKING OPERATING SYSTEMS. Modern desktop operating systems are considered MULTIUSER, MULTITASKING OPERATING SYSTEMS. Open source means FREE Linux is available in different versions [known as distros] Not for desktop computers Not the web browser! MOST POPULAR OS OPTIONS: Top three for personal computers –Windows –macOS –Linux Mobile OS –Android –iOS –Windows Web-based –Google Chrome OS  with your device. which you interact user interface by The OS provides a Photo by Pramod Tiwari: https://www.pexels.com/photo/flat-screen-computer-monitor-13988977/ Current computer and mobile operating systems [like Windows and macOS] use a graphical user interface [GUI] which displays graphics/icons that represent each OS task. More user-friendly! Photo by Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/white-android-computer-monitor-turned-on-159394/  the OS responds. an event to which mouse click creates Every keystroke/ Photo by Lex Photography: https://www.pexels.com/photo/silver-magic-keyboard-1109543/ When events happen concurrently, the OS has to organize/prioritize them. e.g. When you hit “print”, it generates a unique signal to the OS which is called an interrupt. Photo by cottonbro studio: https://www.pexels.com/photo/macbook-pro-on-brown-wooden-table-4123764/ OUR OS COORDINATES/DIRECTS THE FLOW OF DATA AND INFORMATION When our OS processes tasks in a priority order, it’s called preemptive multitasking.  Photo by XXSS IS BACK: https://www.pexels.com/photo/two-computer-flat-screen-monitors-turned-on-777001/ Each device that is attached to a computer comes with a special program called a DEVICE DRIVER that facilitates communication between the device and the OS.  REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM: Require minimal user interaction Programs are written specifically for the needs of Photo by Kindel Media: https://www.pexels.com/photo/black-vacuum-cleaner-on-hardwood-floor-8566448/ the devices/their functions Examples: pacemaker, anti-lock braking system on your car, Roomba Many things happen from the time we turn on our computers and the time we can use them. Like the power-on self-test which ensures all peripheral devices are attached and operational.  WINDOWS VS. MAC INTERFACES: Similar but not compatible with each other. Desktop –Primary working area Taskbar –Displays open and favourite applications for easy access Start menu –Provides access to all applications and apps installed on your device  Virtual desktop: A feature in Windows that allows you to organize your open windows into task-specific groups [i.e. one virtual desktop with an open Word doc, lecture slides for this class, another virtual desktop with an Excel spreadsheet and web browser for your work in another course.] LINUX: Most interfaces are based on familiar Windows and macOS paradigms Windows organizes the contents of your computer into a hierarchical directory. Directory –Hierarchical structure of the computer’s contents ▪Drives ▪Libraries ▪Folders ▪Subfolders ▪Files –Root directory (C:) ▪Top of the filing structure In Windows, the C Drive [hard drive] acts like a large filing cabinet for all your files. If you’re using a Mac: – Name content with a searchable name – Create your own “filing system.” I make umbrella folders [i.e. School > Laurier > Fall 2023 > UX204] – Back up your content often!  Once you trash a file (Mac) or move in to the Recycling Bin (Windows) you can still access it…until you empty the trash. Photo by Lisa Fotios: https://www.pexels.com/photo/stainless-steel-can-with-fire-2456828/ So… Backup Backup Backup. NAMING FILES: –File name –Extension (file type) UTILITY PROGRAMS: Utility programs – Basic utility programs are incorporated into the operating system ▪Firewall and file-compression utilities –Standalone utility programs offer more features ▪Antivirus and security programs ▪Freeware System restore points: – Windows has a snapshot of your entire system settings generated prior to certain events [i.e. installing or updating software]. This is done automatically or you can create a restore point manually at any point. ACCESSIBILITY UTILITIES: –Designed for users with special needs