IT Lecture 1 PDF

Lecture 1 Information, Technology, Internet, & You  Learning Objectives 1. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. 2. Distinguish between system software and application software. 3. Differentia...

Lecture 1 Information, Technology, Internet, & You  Learning Objectives 1. Explain the parts of an information system: people, procedures, software, hardware, data, and the Internet. 2. Distinguish between system software and application software. 3. Differentiate between the kinds of system software programs. 4. Define and compare general purpose, specialized, and mobile applications. 5. Identify the four types of computers and the four types of personal computers. 6. Describe the different types of computer hardware, including the system unit, input, output, storage, and communication devices. 7. Define data and describe document, worksheet, database, and presentation files. 8. Explain computer connectivity, the wireless revolution, the Internet, and cloud computing.  Introduction  Personal computers are common life tools  New forms of learning have developed ̶ College courses Not just quarters or semesters  Computers offer many communication avenues ‫توفر أجهزة الكمبيوتر العديد من طرق االتصال‬  Parts of an Information System  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 1. People  End users who use computers ̶ Entertainment ̶ Business ̶ Medicine ̶ Education  Most important part of any system  Contact is ̶ Direct ̶ Indirect  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 2. Software  Another name for programs  There are two major kinds of software: ̶ System Software Software used by computers ̶ Application Software Software you use  The purpose of software ̶ Convert data into information  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 2. Software (Cont.)- 2.1. System Software  Enables application software to interact with the computer hardware  Background software helps manage resources  Collection of system programs ̶ Operating Systems ̶ Utilities ̶ Device Drivers  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 2. Software (Cont.)- 2.1. System Software (Cont.)- 2.1.1. Operating System  Operating System ̶ Coordinates computer resources ̶ Provides the user interface ̶ Runs applications  Embedded operating system ̶ Used by Smartphones and tablets Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS)  Standalone operating system ̶ Used by desktops  Networking operating systems ̶ Used to run networks  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 2. Software (Cont.)- 2.1. System Software (Cont.)- 2.1.2. Utilities  Perform specific tasks related to managing computer resources  Example, Antivirus Program, protects from viruses. ̶ Viruses; Can damage your software or hardware Comprise the security and privacy of personal data ‫يشتمل على أمان وخصوصية البيانات الشخصية‬  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 2. Software (Cont.)- 2.2. Application Software  Application software might be described as End User Software.  Three types of application software are ̶ General Purpose Software Widely used in nearly all career areas. They are the kinds of programs you have to know to be considered an efficient and effective end user. ̶ Specialized Application Includes thousands of other programs that are more narrowly focused on specific disciplines and occupations. Two of the best known are graphics and web authoring programs. ̶ Mobil Applications Also simply known as Apps, are small programs primarily designed for mobile devices such as smartphones and for tablet computers. There are over half a million apps. The most popular mobile apps are for social networking, playing games, and downloading music and videos.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware- Types of Computers  Supercomputers  Mainframe Computers  Midrange Computers (Minicomputers)  Microcomputers  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 1. Supercomputers  The most powerful type of computer.  These machines are special, high-capacity computers used by very large organizations.  Supercomputers are typically used to process massive amounts of data.  For example, they are used to analyze and predict worldwide weather patterns. ̶ IBM’s Blue Gene supercomputer is one of the fastest computers in the world.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 2. Mainframe Computers  Occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms.  Although not nearly as powerful as supercomputers, mainframe computers are capable of great processing speeds and data storage. ̶ For example, insurance companies use mainframes to process information about millions of policyholders. ‫حاملي وثائق التأمين‬  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 3. Midrange (Mini) Computers  Also referred to as servers, are computers with processing capabilities less powerful than a mainframe computer yet more powerful than a personal computer.  Originally used by medium-size companies or departments of large companies to support their processing needs.  Today midrange computers are most widely used to support or serve end users for such specific needs as retrieving data from a database or supplying access to application software.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 4. Microcomputers  Also known as Personal Computers (PCs), are the least powerful, yet the most widely used and fastest-growing type of computer.  There are seven types of personal computers. 1. Desktop Computers 2. Laptop Computers 3. Netbook Computers 4. Tablet Computers 5. Handheld Computers 6. Wearable Devices 7. Media Center System Unit (HTPC)  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 4. Microcomputers (Cont.)- 4.1. Desktop Computers  Desktop computers are small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk yet are too big to carry around.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 4. Microcomputers (Cont.)- 4.2. Laptop Computers  Laptop computers, are portable and lightweight and fit into most briefcases.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 4. Microcomputers (Cont.)- 4.3. Netbook Computers  Netbook computers. Similar to laptop computers, but smallar lighter and less expensive.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 4. Microcomputers (Cont.)- 4.4. Tablet Computers  Tablets, also known as tablet computers, are smaller, lighter, and generally less powerful than laptops. Like a laptop, tablets have a flat screen but typically do not have a standard keyboard.  Instead, tablets typically use a virtual keyboard that appears on the screen and is touch-sensitive.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 4. Microcomputers (Cont.)- 4.5. Handheld Computers  Smartphones are the most widely used handheld computers. Smartphones are cell phones with wireless connections to the Internet and processing capabilities.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 4. Microcomputers (Cont.)- 4.6. Wearable Computers  Wearable devices like Apple’s watch.  Parts of an Information System (Cont.)- 3. Hardware (Cont.)- Types of Computers (Cont.)- 4. Microcomputers (Cont.)- 4.7. Media Center System Unit  A home theater PC (HTPC) or Media Center Computer is a collective device that combines some or all the capabilities of a personal computer with a software application that supports video, photo, audio playback, and sometimes video recording functionality. Thanks !!! 24 Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques