U.S. History Ch. 7 Review PDF

Diplomatic Challenges and Chapter 7 Review Guide 1. What was the Whiskey Rebellion and how did Washington respond? a.​ Farmers in western Pennsylvania refuse to pay federal excise tax on whiskey b.​ Washington personally leads militia into Pennsylvania instead of letting Pennsyl...

Diplomatic Challenges and Chapter 7 Review Guide 1. What was the Whiskey Rebellion and how did Washington respond? a.​ Farmers in western Pennsylvania refuse to pay federal excise tax on whiskey b.​ Washington personally leads militia into Pennsylvania instead of letting Pennsylvania government handle it i.​ Shows federal government is strong enough and willing to enforce its laws/policies 2. What was Washington’s Farewell Address and what was his advice? a.​ The speech Washington made when he was leaving office. b.​ Advice i.​ Avoid permanent alliances with other countries 1.​ Helps to avoid obligations to help friendly countries in war. 2.​ Instead, be amicable with everyone ii.​ Don’t have a party system—it will create division 3. Why is Citizen Genet important? a.​ Citizen Genet, a diplomat, wanted the U.S. to give France a U.S. port i.​ Washington refuses (he wants to maintain America’s neutrality) , asks Genet be sent back ii.​ Strains relations w/ France while the relationship with Britain wasn’t much better iii.​ Eventually pushed the U.S. further towards the War of 1812. 4. What were the conditions around Jay’s Treaty? How was it received? a.​ Conditions i.​ British Royal Navy seizes many American ships trying to trade with its opponent, France ii.​ Hamilton worries that war would stop England’s imports of American goods (which would severely hurt economy) 1.​ Doesn’t trust (pro-France) Edmund Randolph, head of State Department, to maintain neutrality 2.​ So, John Jay, chief justice of the Supreme Court, is sent to negotiate b.​ How it was received i.​ Americans disliked Jay’s Treaty:  1.​ It didn’t protect American ships 2.​ Didn’t stop British impressment of American sailors 5. What was negotiated in Pinckney’s Treaty? a.​ Spain recognizes America’s right to navigate Mississippi, drop off goods/reload at New Orleans (an important trading port for America) b.​ Agreed on a northern border for Florida c.​ Stop Indians in Florida from launching raids across northern border 6. What happened in the election of 1796? a.​ Washington refused to run for a third term, setting a precedent (though it isn’t actually law until FDR) b.​ Federalist John Adams wins presidency narrowly; Jefferson is vice president for finishing second 7. What was the XYZ affair and how was it resolved? a.​ XYZ Affair i.​ American ships are being seized by Britain and France because they are at war with each other ii.​ Hostility with France is new: 1.​ Started after Jay’s Treaty 2.​ French Navy raids Britain ships, threatens to hang American sailors found on them iii.​ Adams sends a few people (Pinckney, John Marshall, Elbrige Gerry) to France to work out an agreement iv.​ France refuses to discuss anything unless they are paid a bribe. Americans refuse, go home b.​ Resolution i.​ U.S. and France fight Quasi War for two years; treaty is finally signed 8. Who was involved in the Quasi War? a.​ France and U.S. 9. What were the Alien and Sedition Acts? a.​ Alien Acts i.​ Gives president expanded powers ii.​ Places restrictions on immigrants b.​ Sedition Acts  i.​ John Adams’ attempt at squashing criticism against him for his response to the war in France. ii.​ Makes it illegal to write about the government with intent to defame 1.​ There isn’t a strict definition of what counts as sedition, so in reality any negative opinion is penalized 10. What were the Kentucky and Virginia resolutions and what did they advocate? a.​ Attempt to reverse the Alien and Sedition acts by using the Constitution i.​ Argument: violated 10th (also 1st) amendment ii.​ Declared that states can nullify a law by declaring it unconstitutional b.​ Kentucky res. written by Jefferson; Virginia res. written by Madison 11. Where was the first American medical school? a.​ University of Pennsylvania 12. What did Judith Sargent Murray advocate for women? (more than one) a.​ Proponent of: i.​ Women’s education 1.​ Especially of a level higher than elementary a.​ Higher education opportunities mostly available to: i.​ Men ii.​ Those who were well off ii.​ More opportunities for women to 1.​ Earn their own livings 2.​ Establish themselves apart from their husbands/families 13. What was the importance of Washington Irving? a.​ Was the leader of American literature in the early 1700s 14. What were the causes and consequences of the Second Great Awakening? a.​ Causes i.​ Religious traditionalists decry the decline of piety 1.​ Want to fight “religious rationalism” (deism, unitarianism, universalism, etc.) 2.​ Rise of materalism ii.​ Caused a wave of revivalism  b.​ Consequences i.​ Caused a move towards Arminianism (free will) instead of Calvinist belief predestination ii.​ Thousands of people converted to Christ and joined church iii.​ Methodism had become the largest denomination in the United States iv.​ The growth of America's foreign missions movement v.​ Moral sins declined as a result of the revival and also fueled the drive for moral reform vi.​ New methods of evangelism (camp meetings, “new measures”) vii.​ More individual meetings that didn’t necessarily take place in church viii.​ Most importantly: it touched and transformed a large segment of the American people 1.​ Black preachers 2.​ Native americans - converted through Handsome Lake a.​ Also brought restoration to some of the traditional Iroquois culture ! 15. Who were some of the key figures in the Second Great Awakening? a.​ Francis Asbury i.​ Known as the father of American Methodism ii.​ Methodists followed the teachings of John Wesley, an English minister b.​ Timothy Dwight i.​ Grandson of Jonathan Edwards, elected president of Yale in 1795 ii.​ Started revival in Yale among students iii.​ Allows students to debate on truths of the christian faith iv.​ Order and restraint c.​ Charles Finney i.​ Presbyterian ii.​ Came to be America’s leading evangelist 16. Who was Handsome Lake and why is he important? a.​ Native American; becomes Christian, wants to bring Christianity to fellow Native Americans b.​ Brings revival of traditional Indian culture 17. Inventors and the significance of their inventions  a.​ Eli Whitney i.​ Cotton gin 1.​ Makes cleaning cotton faster; cotton is now profitable 2.​ However, results in spread of slavery ii.​ Interchangeable parts 1.​ People can now replace parts in machines without having to buy a new one b.​ Robert Fulton & Robert Livingston i.​ Steamboat (also promoted by Robert Livingston) 1.​ Allows for efficient movement of great amounts of raw materials, finished goods 2.​ Helps with easier navigation overall 3.​ Removes transportation obstacle stopping U.S. from large-scale production ii.​ Name of the steamboat was the Clermont 18. Who was the chief designer of the capital city of Washington? a.​ Pierre L’Enfant 19. What type of public image did Jefferson try to portray? a.​ He tried to portray himself as an ordinary citizen i.​ Intended to be more “relatable” b.​ However, he was in fact a very wealthy person i.​ Placed more emphasis on the fact that he was educated 20. What did Jefferson accomplish in his first term as president? a.​ Opens U.S. Military Academy at West Point b.​ Purchases Louisiana Territory c.​ Reduces government spending, size of military (not anti-military) d.​ Successfully handles Barbary pirates issue (Tripoli) i.​ Amerian’s don’t want to pay tribute for safety in the seas 21. Who was John Marshall? a.​ Chief justice of Supreme Court during Jefferson’s term b.​ Increased powers of Supreme Court i.​ Power of judicial review (Marbury v. Madison) 22. What is the significance of Marbury v. Madison? a.​ Gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review (a power it previously didn’t have) 23. How did Jefferson acquire the Louisiana Territory? What were his reservations in  the deal? a.​ The how i.​ Sent Robert Livingston down to New Orleans to discuss selling New Orleans​ 1.​ New Orleans is an important port for America that was in danger of getting cut off for Americans ii.​ Pressured Napoleon into doing it by spreading word that he was building an army/sending troops down there 1.​ Napoleon was in no shape for a fight, so he decided to appease Americans b.​ Jefferson’s reservations i.​ Jefferson wasn’t certain that he could make the purchase because the power of the purse lies with Congress, not the executive branch 24. Who explored the Louisiana Territory? a.​ Merriweather Lewis, William Clark 25. What caused the duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton? a.​ Burr believed that Hamilton’s claims about Burr was what lost him the New York governor election; was upset 26. Describe the difficulties in trade with Britain and France during Jefferson’s administration? a.​ Britain and France are at war, seize ships trading with the other country, including American ships b.​ Violates America’s rights as a neutral nation c.​ Jefferson passed Embargo Act in an act of “peaceable coercion”, but it doesn’t work 27. What laws were passed to deal with the trade issues with Europe? (eg. Embargo Act, Non-Intercourse Act- Macon’s Bill No. 2) a.​ Embargo Act i.​ Ends all foreign trade ii.​ Hurts America’s economy greatly b.​ Non-Intercourse Act i.​ Replaces Embargo Act ii.​ Reopens trade with all except Great Britain, France c.​ Macon’s Bill No. 2 i.​ Replaces Non-Intercourse Act ii.​ Reopens trade with Great Britain, France, but president has the right to stop trade with one country if they interfere with trade with the other  country 28. What did Tecumseh try to accomplish? a.​ Tried to stop white expansion, recover Northwest, establish a hard boundary along the Ohio river 29. What happened at the Battle of Tippecanoe? a.​ William Henry Harrison leads Americans, defeats Indians b.​ Last concerted effort on Native Americans’ part to unify to fight further settlement c.​ Disillusions many Native Americans 30. Who were the War Hawks? a.​ Group of congressmen led by John C. Calhoun (S. Carolina), Henry Clay (Kentucky) b.​ Wanted to declare war on Britain around the time of War of 1812 c.​ Wanted to add Canada, (Spanish) Florida to US 31. What were the causes and consequences of the War of 1812? a.​ Causes i.​ Issues with Britain & France 1.​ Britain and France stopped American ships from trading with the other country a.​ Britain was also impressing American seamen 2.​ Americans believed Britain encouraged Native Americans (Chief Tecumseh) to attack them b.​ Consequences i.​ US preserves freedom it had won from Britain ii.​ US develops manufacturing because European goods were unavailable during the war iii.​ Increased desire for a strong national government that could lead iv.​ Countries in Europe respect the US more v.​ Nationalism becomes more prevalent 1.​ Citizens start thinking of themselves as “Americans”, not people of separate states vi.​ Federalist party declines in popularity, eventually disappears 1.​ They opposed the war 32. What happened at Fort McHenry? a.​ During War of 1812, Britain attacked Fort McHenry (which protected Baltimore) b.​ American troops successfully defend fort c.​ Francis Scott Key witnesses attack, writes “Star-Spangled Banner” 33. What is significant about the Battle of New Orleans? a.​ Fought two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent (ended War of 1812) was signed 34. What were the conditions of the Treaty of Ghent? a.​ Americans gave up on stopping British impressment, getting Canada b.​ The British gave up on getting an Indian buffer state in Northwest, ceded other land 35. Give the details of the Rush-Bagot Treaty and the Adams-Onis Treaty. a.​ Rush-Bagot—signed shortly after Treaty of Ghent i.​ Called for mutual disarmament (withdrawal of military) of the Great Lakes b.​ Adams-Onis Treaty—about American expansion i.​ Spain ceded all of Florida to America ii.​ In turn, Americans gives up claims to Texas for a time This is at least 98% of the test. Review class notes and handouts.