US History Chapter: Washington's Presidency

Washington refused to run for a third term, setting a precedent that would later become law.

The XYZ Affair stemmed from American ships being seized by both Britain and France, who were at war with each other.

The French refused to discuss any agreement unless they received a bribe, causing the American delegation to refuse and return home.

<p>The Alien and Sedition Acts aimed to suppress dissent and criticism against President Adams's policies, particularly his response to the conflict with France.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that the Alien and Sedition Acts violated both the 1st and 10th Amendments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions argued that states have the right to nullify federal laws that they deem unconstitutional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas Jefferson wrote the Kentucky Resolution, while James Madison wrote the Virginia Resolution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Judith Sargent Murray advocated for equal educational opportunities for women, believing that they had the intellectual capacity to achieve as much as men.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled against the federal excise tax on whiskey. Washington's decisive response, leading a militia to quell the rebellion, demonstrated the federal government's power to enforce its laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Washington advised against permanent alliances with foreign nations and warned against the dangers of political parties. These warnings became central tenets of American foreign policy, emphasizing neutrality and a focus on domestic unity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citizen Genet, a French diplomat, tried to involve the US in the war against Britain, but Washington refused, upholding American neutrality. This strained relations with France and further complicated the already tense situation with Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jay's Treaty addressed British seizures of American ships and impressment of American sailors. While it somewhat eased tensions, it was unpopular because it did not fully protect American interests and was seen as a concession to Britain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pinckney's Treaty recognized American navigation rights on the Mississippi River and access to New Orleans. It also established a northern border for Florida and resolved disputes with Spain over Indian raids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 1796 election saw John Adams win the presidency, marking the first time power transitioned peacefully between different parties (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans). This established a system of organized political parties, crucial for American democracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hamilton's economic policies, including a national bank and assumption of state debts, strengthened the federal government but were opposed by Democratic-Republicans who feared increased central power and potential favoritism towards the wealthy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The French Revolution and the ensuing war with Britain divided Americans, with Federalists supporting the British and Democratic-Republicans siding with France. This division fueled the development of political parties and intensified the debate over foreign policy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cotton gin made cleaning cotton much faster, making cotton production more profitable. However, this also led to the expansion of slavery in the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dwight emphasized order and restraint, encouraged students to debate theological topics, and promoted a revivalist movement among the student population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The steamboat revolutionized transportation, allowing for the efficient movement of goods and people, and facilitated the economic development of the United States.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jefferson, despite being wealthy and well-educated, tried to portray himself as an ordinary citizen, hoping to be more relatable to the common people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Marbury v. Madison case established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review, allowing the court to overturn laws deemed unconstitutional. John Marshall was the Chief Justice at the time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The religious revival movement emphasized personal conversion experiences, emotionalism in religious services, and a focus on social reforms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Handsome Lake was a Native American religious leader who promoted a revival of traditional culture while also embracing certain aspects of Christianity, encouraging reconciliation between native populations and European settlers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During his first term, Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory, reduced government spending and the size of the military, and successfully resolved a conflict with Barbary pirates, among other achievements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial review, granting the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jefferson sent Robert Livingston to negotiate the purchase of New Orleans. Napoleon, facing financial difficulties and war in Europe, decided to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the US. Napoleon, pressured by the American military buildup in the region, preferred a peaceful solution. Jefferson quickly negotiated the deal, even though it was controversial as he wasn't completely sure if he had the power to purchase it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Merriweather Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by President Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory. Their mission was to gain a better understanding of the land and its resources, map the territory, and establish trade relations with Native American tribes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aaron Burr believed that Alexander Hamilton's criticism during the New York gubernatorial election campaign had cost him the victory. Burr was deeply resentful and challenged Hamilton to a duel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Britain and France were at war and seized ships trading with the other country, including American ships, violating American neutrality rights. This led to economic hardship and political tension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tecumseh aimed to create a united Native American alliance to resist white expansion into the West. He sought to establish a strong boundary along the Ohio River, preventing further encroachment on Native American lands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Tippecanoe resulted in a decisive victory for American forces under General William Henry Harrison, leading to the destruction of Tecumseh's stronghold and weakening the Native American alliance. It effectively crippled Tecumseh's efforts to unite Native American tribes against white settlement.,</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Non-Intercourse Act replaced the Embargo Act and reopened trade with all countries except Great Britain and France. The goal was to pressure Britain and France into respecting American neutrality rights and ending their seizures of American ships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The War Hawks were a group of congressmen, primarily from the South and West, who advocated for war against Great Britain in 1812. Their primary motivations included issues like British impressment of American sailors, British support for Native American resistance, and the desire for territorial expansion, particularly into Canada and Florida.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of New Orleans, fought in January 1815, is significant for its occurrence two weeks after the Treaty of Ghent was signed, formally ending the War of 1812. While the battle itself was a resounding American victory, it was technically a fight that had no strategic impact on the war's outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The War of 1812 brought several significant changes for the United States. It reinforced the sense of national unity and patriotism. It led to the development of domestic manufacturing after the British blockade disrupted trade. It ultimately strengthened the federal government, further solidifying its authority over individual states. The decline of the Federalist Party, opposed to the war, also contributed to a shift in American political dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Treaty of Ghent, signed in 1814, essentially restored pre-war boundaries between the United States and Great Britain. This meant that the United States relinquished its hopes of gaining Canada and the British relinquished their hopes of establishing a buffer state for Native Americans in the Northwest. The treaty also did not address the issue of impressment, which had been a significant cause of the conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Tippecanoe, fought in 1811, marked a turning point in Native American resistance to westward expansion. Although the battle was a victory for the United States, it significantly weakened the confederation of Native American tribes led by Tecumseh, who had been uniting tribes in opposition to American expansion. The battle was also a major factor in the eventual defeat of Tecumseh and the collapse of his alliance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 served as a significant step towards demilitarization of the Great Lakes border between the United States and Great Britain. It was a major step in reducing tensions between the two countries after the War of 1812 and laid the foundation for a more peaceful relationship between the two nations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, negotiated between the United States and Spain, resulted in the US acquiring Florida from Spain. It also established a boundary between the US and Spanish territory in the West and resolved various border disputes. The treaty was a strategic victory for the United States, expanding its territory and securing its southern frontier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The War of 1812 was sparked by a confluence of factors stemming from the Napoleonic Wars in Europe. These included the British practice of impressment of American sailors, the British blockade that restricted US trade with France, and British support for Native American resistance to American expansion westward. These grievances fueled American anger and ultimately escalated into a full-blown war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Second Great Awakening sought to combat the decline of piety by challenging &quot;religious rationalism&quot; (deism, unitarianism, universalism) and the rising materialism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Second Great Awakening resulted in a shift towards Arminianism, increased church membership, the rise of Methodism as a major denomination, the expansion of foreign missions work, and the promotion of moral reform.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Second Great Awakening contributed to a decline in perceived moral sins and fueled the drive for moral reform, prompting social movements like the abolition of slavery and temperance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Second Great Awakening introduced new methods of evangelism like camp meetings and &quot;new measures,&quot; moving away from the traditional church setting to reach broader audiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Key figures of the Second Great Awakening include preachers like Charles Finney, Lyman Beecher, and Jonathan Edwards, as well as Handsome Lake, who brought conversion to Native Americans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proponents of women's higher education argued that it empowered women to achieve financial independence, establish themselves outside of traditional family structures, and contribute to society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women seeking higher education in the early 19th century faced limited access to institutions, often having to attend separate schools or rely on men to access higher education opportunities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Washington Irving is considered an important figure in early American literature because his works helped shape a distinct national literary identity and contributed to the development of American romanticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A conflict where farmers in Pennsylvania refused to pay federal whiskey tax, leading Washington to personally enforce federal law.

A speech in which Washington advised against permanent alliances and political parties to avoid division.

A French diplomat whose request for US support strained relations, prompting Washington to maintain neutrality.

An agreement to resolve issues with Britain, but it failed to protect American shipping, leading to public discontent.

An agreement recognizing U.S. navigation rights on the Mississippi and the right to use New Orleans, along with border agreements.

The first contested election in the U.S. where John Adams won the presidency against Thomas Jefferson.

The British practice of forcing American sailors into their navy, causing tensions with the U.S.

Washington's strategy to keep the U.S. neutral in foreign conflicts, avoiding entangling alliances.

Advocate for women's access to higher education beyond elementary levels.

Advancements enabling women to earn livings and establish independence.

Key figure in American literature during the early 1700s.

Religious traditionalists responded to declining piety and materialism.

Shift towards Arminianism and growth of churches, especially Methodism.

Became the largest denomination due to the Second Great Awakening.

Innovative approaches like camp meetings and personal gatherings for outreach.

The Awakening touched and changed many, including diverse communities.

Washington refused to run for a third term, setting a precedent for future presidents.

A diplomatic incident where the U.S. was asked for a bribe by France to negotiate.

An undeclared war between the U.S. and France from 1798-1800.

Laws that gave the president expanded powers and restricted immigrants.

Laws making it illegal to criticize the government, aimed at dissenters.

Documents asserting states' rights to nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional.

The University of Pennsylvania, the first institution for medical training in the U.S.

Supported women’s rights, particularly education and independence.

Father of American Methodism and follower of John Wesley's teachings.

President of Yale who initiated student revival and allowed debates on Christian truths.

Leading evangelist of America and a Presbyterian leader.

Native American revivalist who promoted Christianity and traditional culture.

Inventor of the cotton gin and interchangeable parts.

Inventor of the steamboat, enabling efficient transportation of goods.

Chief designer of the capital city of Washington, D.C.

Chief Justice who increased the Supreme Court's power through judicial review.

A landmark case that established judicial review, allowing the Supreme Court to invalidate laws.

Jefferson acquired the territory by negotiating with Napoleon and ensuring American access to New Orleans.

Explorers tasked with mapping and exploring the newly acquired Louisiana Territory.

A duel sparked by Burr's anger over Hamilton’s political claims affecting his election chances.

A law passed to stop all foreign trade, intended to protect American interests but hurt the economy.

Replaced the Embargo Act, reopening trade with all nations except Britain and France.

Legislation that reopened trade with Britain and France but allowed the president to restrict trade with one if it harmed relations with the other.

Tecumseh aimed to halt white expansion and establish a boundary to protect Native lands along the Ohio River.

A group of congressmen led by John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay advocating for war with Britain around the War of 1812.

Tensions with Britain and France, impressment of American seamen, and British support for Native American attacks.

US maintains independence, boosts manufacturing, nurtures nationalism, and weakens the Federalist party.

Location where American troops defended against British attack during the War of 1812; inspired the 'Star-Spangled Banner.'

Significant battle fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed, boosting American morale.

Agreement that ended the War of 1812; the US gave up on impressment and Canada claims.

An agreement between the U.S. and Britain that limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes.

A 1819 agreement where Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and New Spain.