UR Quiz 1 PDF

UR QUIZ 1: 3.​ Researcher must develop critical thinking. Research 4.​ Scientific behavior requires cooperation, -​ A process of scientific thinking t...

UR QUIZ 1: 3.​ Researcher must develop critical thinking. Research 4.​ Scientific behavior requires cooperation, -​ A process of scientific thinking that leads honesty and liberalism. to the discovery of new truth or 5.​ Must be sensitive to how people where knowledge. they work feel about scientists and their -​ Not a subjective expression of ideas or work. opinion; -​ A careful, unbiased investigation of a Ethical concern in research: problem based on facts. 1.​ Respondents must be informed of its -​ A systematic and technique of thinking, objectives. employing specialized tools, instruments, 2.​ Researcher must not obtain any and procedures in order to obtain a more information or data for any purpose adequate solution of a problem. except for its research value. -​ A systematic search for pertinent 3.​ The people studied are entitled to their information on a specific topic or problem. privacy, confidentiality and full anonymity throughout the whole process and when the results are reported. Characteristics of Scientific Research 4.​ Ensure that the subject of the research 1.​ Based on facts are not exposed to any physical or 2.​ Starts from a complex of problems mental danger or subjective to violations 3.​ Free from personal bias of human rights. 4.​ Uses objective measurement 5.​ Use of tapes, recording machines, and cameras should be resolved. 6.​ Researcher must be responsible and Characteristics of Research (John W. Best) accountable for their research procedure 1.​ Research gathers new knowledge or and findings. data from primary or first-hand sources. 2.​ Research is expert, systematic, and Ethical phases of the research process accurate investigation 1.​ Identification of the problem. 3.​ Research is logical and objective, 2.​ Formulation of the hypotheses. applying every possible test to verify the 3.​ Collection of data data collected and the procedures 4.​ Analysis or classification and tabulation employed. of data in which the researcher applies 4.​ Research endeavors to organize data in the process of deduction. quantitative terms if possible and to 5.​ Synthesis of data or formulation of express them as numerical measures. generalizations or principles that may 5.​ Research is carefully recorded and substantiate or refuse the reported. hypothesis/hypotheses. Characteristics of a Researcher: 1.​ Must possess a good grasp of the basic premises of their field. 2.​ Reflective criticism. Types of Research 4.​ Historical Research 1.​ Basic Research -​ Involves studying, understanding, and -​ Also called pure, fundamental explaining events that occurred in the research past. -​ Done for knowledge enhancement not -​ The purpose of historical research is to create or invent to investigate causes, effects, or -​ Concerned with or conducted solely trends of past occurrences that may in for the purpose of developing theories turn help to explain present events or establishing general principles and predict future ones. -​ Research done for human welfare, -​ By necessity, most historical studies animal welfare, and plant kingdom rely on documentary resources and in welfare. some instances, personal recall. -​ In educational and other setting, basic research provides the theory that in 5.​ Descriptive Research turn, process implications for solving -​ Seeks to test hypotheses or answer problems. questions concerning the present. 2.​ Applied Research 2 Kinds of Descriptive Research: -​ It is designed to solve practical A.​ Quantitative Research problems rather than to acquire -​ Usually involves collecting and knowledge for knowledge's sake. converting data into numerical form -​ It focuses on the analysis and solving so that statistical calculations can be social and real life problems. made and conclusions drawn. -​ Generally conducted on a large case -​ Also refers to the systematic basis. Often conducted with the empirical investigation of quantitative support of some financing agency like properties and phenomena and their the government, public corporation, relationships. world bank, UNICEF etc. -​ The goal of quantitative research is -​ It is an application of scientific to describe the cause and effect knowledge to solve practical problems. relationships. Types of Applied Research: B.​ Qualitative Research 1.​ Problem-oriented research-sorting out -​ The qualitative researcher attempts problems faced by all companies to understand ways that individuals 2.​ Problem-solving research-done by an give meaning to behavior of individual company for the problem themselves and others and to faced by it. describe these understandings. -​ Emphasizes the socially constructed 3.​ Action Research nature of reality -​ Designed to solve problems through -​ Present non-quantitative type of the application of the scientific analysis method. -​ Analyzing and interpreting data by observing what people do and say.  -​ The researcher attempts to retain relationships among variables than the viewpoint of the individual(s) does any other approach. being studied. -​ The researcher plan controls the -​ The nature of research is exploratory extraneous factors that might and open ended. contaminate the results to minimize -​ Small numbers of people are unwanted influences of such factors interviewed in depth and or a and strengthen the inferences relatively small number of focus made about causal relationships groups are conducted. between independent and dependent variables. Types/classifications of Qualitative: 1.​ Phenomenology : the researcher -​ Sometimes circumstances do not attempts to understand how one or permit controlling extraneous more individuals experience a factors,to the degree that true phenomena. experiment requires. Quasi Experiments represent a 2.​ Ethnography : A type of research compromise in such instances. focuses on describing the culture of a group of people. A culture is shared attributes, values, norms, practices, language and material things of a group of people. 3.​ Case study : focused on providing a detailed account of one or more cases. 4.​ Grounded theory : -​ An inductive type of research, based or grounded in the observations of data from which it is developed. -​ Uses a variety of data sources, including quantitative data, review of records, interviews, observation and surveys. 5.​ Experimental research -​ Research experiments have different variables to predict what will occur in the future under a given set of conditions. -​ Provides stronger support for inferences about causal