Podcast
Questions and Answers
Phenomenology focuses on describing the culture of a group of people.
Phenomenology focuses on describing the culture of a group of people.
False (B)
Ethnography is a type of research that provides a detailed account of one or more cases.
Ethnography is a type of research that provides a detailed account of one or more cases.
False (B)
Grounded theory is based on observations of data and may use both quantitative and qualitative sources.
Grounded theory is based on observations of data and may use both quantitative and qualitative sources.
True (A)
Experimental research requires controlling all extraneous factors to predict outcomes.
Experimental research requires controlling all extraneous factors to predict outcomes.
Quasi-experiments can represent a compromise when true experiments are not feasible.
Quasi-experiments can represent a compromise when true experiments are not feasible.
Scientific behavior requires cooperation, honesty, and liberalism.
Scientific behavior requires cooperation, honesty, and liberalism.
Research is based on subjective opinions and personal biases.
Research is based on subjective opinions and personal biases.
Respondents must be uninformed about the objectives of the research.
Respondents must be uninformed about the objectives of the research.
Research starts from a complex of problems.
Research starts from a complex of problems.
The use of recording machines in research doesn't require resolution of ethical considerations.
The use of recording machines in research doesn't require resolution of ethical considerations.
Researchers must ensure that subjects are not exposed to physical or mental danger during research.
Researchers must ensure that subjects are not exposed to physical or mental danger during research.
Research should gather knowledge only from secondary sources.
Research should gather knowledge only from secondary sources.
A systematic search for information is a key characteristic of scientific research.
A systematic search for information is a key characteristic of scientific research.
Quantitative research is generally conducted on a small case basis.
Quantitative research is generally conducted on a small case basis.
The goal of qualitative research is to describe cause and effect relationships.
The goal of qualitative research is to describe cause and effect relationships.
Problem-solving research is conducted specifically for a company's individual problems.
Problem-solving research is conducted specifically for a company's individual problems.
Action research is designed to solve problems through the scientific method.
Action research is designed to solve problems through the scientific method.
Qualitative research relies heavily on numerical data analysis.
Qualitative research relies heavily on numerical data analysis.
Small numbers of people are interviewed in depth during qualitative research.
Small numbers of people are interviewed in depth during qualitative research.
Quantitative research focuses on socially constructed nature of reality.
Quantitative research focuses on socially constructed nature of reality.
The researcher in qualitative research tries to control extraneous factors to strengthen inferences about causal relationships.
The researcher in qualitative research tries to control extraneous factors to strengthen inferences about causal relationships.
Basic research is primarily conducted to solve practical problems.
Basic research is primarily conducted to solve practical problems.
Historical research aims to predict future events by understanding past occurrences.
Historical research aims to predict future events by understanding past occurrences.
Descriptive research can only be qualitative in nature.
Descriptive research can only be qualitative in nature.
Applied research is concerned with acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
Applied research is concerned with acquiring knowledge for its own sake.
Collection and analysis of data are essential steps in the research process.
Collection and analysis of data are essential steps in the research process.
Quantitative research involves converting data into numerical form for statistical analysis.
Quantitative research involves converting data into numerical form for statistical analysis.
Synthesis of data in research involves creating new hypotheses without any prior data.
Synthesis of data in research involves creating new hypotheses without any prior data.
A researcher must have a good grasp of the basic premises in their field.
A researcher must have a good grasp of the basic premises in their field.
Flashcards
Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research
Systematic investigation of quantitative properties and their relationships, often funded by agencies.
Applied Research
Applied Research
Research aimed at solving practical problems through scientific knowledge application.
Problem-oriented Research
Problem-oriented Research
Research focused on identifying and sorting out problems faced by companies.
Problem-solving Research
Problem-solving Research
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Action Research
Action Research
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Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research
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Social Construction of Reality
Social Construction of Reality
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Exploratory Research
Exploratory Research
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Collection of Data
Collection of Data
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Analysis or Classification
Analysis or Classification
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Synthesis of Data
Synthesis of Data
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Basic Research
Basic Research
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Descriptive Research
Descriptive Research
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Historical Research
Historical Research
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Scientific Research
Scientific Research
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Critical Thinking in Research
Critical Thinking in Research
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Ethical Considerations
Ethical Considerations
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Importance of Truth
Importance of Truth
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Systematic Investigation
Systematic Investigation
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Objectivity in Research
Objectivity in Research
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Research Accountability
Research Accountability
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Data Protection in Research
Data Protection in Research
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Phenomenology
Phenomenology
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Ethnography
Ethnography
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Case Study
Case Study
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Grounded Theory
Grounded Theory
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Experimental Research
Experimental Research
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Study Notes
Research
- A process of scientific thinking leading to new knowledge
- Not a subjective expression of ideas or opinions
- A careful, unbiased investigation of a problem using facts
- A systematic technique using tools and procedures to find good solutions
- A systematic search for information on a specific topic or problem
Characteristics of Scientific Research
- Based on facts
- Starts with problems
- Free from personal bias
- Utilizes objective measurement
Characteristics of Research (John W. Best)
- Gathers new knowledge from primary sources
- Expert, systematic, accurate investigation
- Logical and objective, verifying data and procedures
- Organizes data quantitatively if possible
- Carefully recorded and reported
Characteristics of a Researcher
- Strong grasp of basic field premises
- Reflective criticism
Ethical Concerns in Research
- Participants must be informed about objectives
- Researchers may not obtain information for a purpose other than research
- Research participants are entitled to their privacy, confidentiality, and anonymity
- Ensure research subjects are not put in physical or mental danger
Ethical Phases of the Research Process
- Identifying the problem
- Formulating hypotheses
- Collecting data
- Analyzing and tabulating data using deduction
- Synthesizing data to formulate generalizations or to reject hypotheses
Types of Research
1. Basic Research
- Also called pure or fundamental research
- Aims to enhance knowledge
- Focuses on developing theories and principles in areas like human, animal, and plant welfare
2. Applied Research
- Designed to solve practical problems
- Focuses on analyzing and solving social and real-world problems
- Often supported by funding from organizations like governments, public corporations, and international agencies
3. Action Research
- Designed to solve problems using the scientific method
4. Historical Research
- Studies events from the past
- Investigates causes, effects, and trends of past events
- Often uses documents and personal accounts to understand past events
5. Descriptive Research
- Seeks to answer questions about the present
- Two kinds: Quantitative and Qualitative
A. Quantitative Research
- Collects and converts data into numerical form
- Aims to draw conclusions
- Often used to investigate relationships between variables
B. Qualitative Research
- Aims to understand how people perceive and make meaning of their lives and behaviors
- May use interviews or observations to better grasp social contexts
Types/Classifications of Qualitative Research
1. Phenomenology
- Understanding how people experience phenomena
2. Ethnography
- Studying a culture through observations and interviews
3. Case Study
- In-depth analysis of specific situations
4. Grounded Theory
- Developing theories based on observations
5. Experimental Research
- Manipulating variables to understand their effects
- Aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships
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