UPDATED LESSON NOTES (SECOND QUARTER) PDF

ENGLISH s.y. 2024-2025 Grade 7  LESSON NOTES SECOND QUARTER Lesson 1: Prose  America is in the Heart Carlos Bulosan (1913-1956) was a Filipino author and activist best known for his semi-autobiographical novel America is in the Heart (1943). Born in Bi...

ENGLISH s.y. 2024-2025 Grade 7  LESSON NOTES SECOND QUARTER Lesson 1: Prose  America is in the Heart Carlos Bulosan (1913-1956) was a Filipino author and activist best known for his semi-autobiographical novel America is in the Heart (1943). Born in Binalonan, Pangasinan, Bulosan immigrated to the United States in 1930, seeking better opportunities but facing racism and exploitation. His experiences as an immigrant deeply influenced his writing, capturing the struggles of Filipino workers and their quest for identity and belonging in America. In America is in the Heart, Bulosan explores themes of resilience and the pursuit of the American Dream against a backdrop of prejudice. His work not only highlights the challenges faced by immigrants but also advocates for social justice and labor rights. Through his powerful storytelling, Bulosan aimed to raise awareness about the immigrant experience, and his legacy continues to inspire readers and activists today. America is in the Heart by Carlos Bulosan shows the importance of tolerance by highlighting the struggles of Filipino immigrants facing racism and discrimination. He emphasizes that understanding and accepting different cultures can create a more inclusive and peaceful society.  Lesson 2: Novel A novel is a fictional prose of considerable length. It describes a series of events that include the casts of characters, settings, and ending. Novels have genres. A specific genre has a specific conventions and styles. Some novel genres are romance, mystery, horror, western, science fiction, and fantasy. In the 14th century, Italian writers began writing collections of short tales, each of which they called a novella because it represented a new literary form; from this word, three centuries later, the English coined the noun novel. WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF A NOVEL? CHAPTERS These are the divisions the author used to organize the events and developments in the novel. Each chapter provides easy transitions in setting and point of view. Authors usually use a cliffhanger at the end of each chapter. CHARACTERIZATION In a novel, the author does much exploration and development of the characters. It involves the techniques used to reveal a character's personality, traits, and motivations, allowing readers to understand them more deeply. DIALOGUE It is the conversation between two or more characters. It helps reveal their personalities, motivations, and relationships, while also advancing the plot and adding realism to the story. POINT OF VIEW It is the perspective from which the story is told. It determines how much the reader knows about the characters' thoughts and feelings. THEME It is the central idea in a literary text. It represents the broader concepts and insights that the author wants to convey through the story. Themes can explore various topics, such as love, identity, conflict, morality, or the human condition. SETTING It is the time and place where the story takes place. It includes the physical location, historical period, cultural context, and even the mood or atmosphere. The setting can significantly influence the plot and characters, shaping their actions and experiences. PLOT It refers to the series of events in a novel. The plot outlines how characters navigate challenges and conflicts, ultimately leading to a conclusion. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT STRUCTURES OF A PLOT?  12 STAGES OF HERO’S JOURNEY 1ST STAGE: THE ORDINARY WORLD - The hero starts off living a normal life. 2ND STAGE: THE CALL TO ADVENTURE - Something exciting happens that invites the hero to go on a quest. 3RD STAGE: REFUSAL OF THE CALL - The hero is scared or unsure and doesn’t want to leave their comfort zone. 4TH STAGE: MEETING THE MENTOR - The hero meets someone who gives them advice and support. 5TH STAGE: CROSSING THE FIRST THRESHOLD - The hero takes the first step into a new and different world. 6TH STAGE: TESTS, ALLIES, AND ENEMIES - The hero faces challenges, makes friends, and meets enemies along the way. 7TH STAGE: APPROACH TO THE INMOST CAVE - The hero gets closer to the biggest challenge or danger they must face. 8TH STAGE: THE ORDEAL - The hero goes through a tough test that pushes them to be brave. 9TH STAGE: REWARD (SEIZING THE SWORD) - After overcoming the challenge, the hero gets something valuable. 10TH STAGE: THE ROAD BACK - The hero starts to head home but faces more difficulties. 11TH STAGE: RESURRECTION - The hero faces one last challenge that shows how much they’ve changed. 12TH STAGE: RETURN WITH THE ELIXIR - The hero returns home with something important that can help others. Lesson 3: Drama Drama is a medium of presenting a narrative through a theatrical performance in front of an audience. Drama serves to entertain, educate, and provoke thought. It allows audiences to connect with characters and stories, exploring universal themes of love, loss, power, identity, and morality through performance. ELEMENTS OF A DRAMA Plot It is the interconnected events that have beginning and ending. It features the physical and emotional journey of the main character. The plot drives the action and engages the audience by creating tension and resolving conflicts. Audience They are the listeners and viewers of a show. The connection between the actors and the audience creates the unique energy of a live performance. Characters They bring life to their roles in a performance. They reveal the characteristics through actions and dialogues. Characters can be protagonists (main characters), antagonists (opposing forces), or supporting roles. Dialogue This refers to the conversation among characters. Through dialogue, the characters’ thoughts and feelings are communicated to the audience. Effective dialogue is realistic, purposeful, and reflective of the characters’ personalities and circumstances. Staging It refers to the setting and the stage direction in a drama. The stage is where the stage takes place, while the direction tells the tone, position, voice, and movements of the characters along with the lighting and sounds. Lesson 4: Short Story A short story is a fictional prose written without a metric pattern. It narrates an imaginary or invented story, shorter than a novel, but longer than a fable. It can be read in one sitting. ELEMENTS OF SHORT STORY Characters These refer to the people or animals in the story. Confidante - The author reveals the main character’s thoughts, feelings, and ideas through this type of character. The confidante may not be necessarily be a person, it could be an object or an animal. Foil Character - A foil character is a supporting character whose traits are opposite the main character. This is a technique done by the writer to highlight the characteristics of the main character. Stock Character - This character can be easily identified. It does not change his attitude, perception, or ideas throughout the story. Round Character - This type of character is well-developed in the story. It surprises the readers with their realistic decisions. Authors use this type of character to amuse the readers with the way they grow, develop, and change in the story. Villain Character - This type of character is used to create compelling stories through conflict and challenge traditional notions of morality. Character Traits Character trait is a literary term of adjectives and descriptions that writers use to add personality and depth to the character. Character traits serve the following purposes: adding complexity to each character providing insight into a character’s motivations helping readers connect and identify with a character making it easier to differentiate between two characters solidifying a character’s role, such as villain or hero, in the story HERE ARE THE WAYS TO REVEAL THE CHARACTER’S IMPORTANT QUALITIES: In direct characterization, the qualities and traits of the characters are revealed through the narrator. The narrator tells exactly how the characters look like and how they view the world. In indirect characterization, the qualities and traits of the characters are revealed through narrator’s statement of actions and behaviors of the characters. Dialogues The author reveals the characters’ qualities through their body language, gestures, and words. Character’s Action The writer reveals the characters through the actions that they are doing. Character’s Private Thoughts The character’s quality is revealed by showing the readers the character’s desires, thoughts, personality, and goals. Setting Aside from providing the time and place where the story takes place, the setting helps establish the mood, tone, and context of the story. Theme This is the central idea of the story. The theme provides the deeper meaning of the literary work which the reader tries to analyze in the story. Plot This refers to the series of events in the story. Exposition - The character/s and setting are introduced in this part of the story. Rising Action - The problem begins to develop in this part of the story. Climax - This is the turning point in a story. The character must decide how to overcome the conflict in the story. Falling Action - The conflict is resolved in this part of story. Resolution - It presents the concluding events in the story. Conflict This refers to the struggle between opposing forces in a story. Here are the types of conflict in stories. Character vs. Character Character vs. Self Character vs. Society Character vs. Nature