English Reviewer Lesson 2 Literary Criticism PDF

English Reviewer Identifying the structure of poem includes: 1.​ Rhyme scheme Lesson 2 : Literary Criticism 2.​ Number of syllables per line...

English Reviewer Identifying the structure of poem includes: 1.​ Rhyme scheme Lesson 2 : Literary Criticism 2.​ Number of syllables per line 3.​ Number of lines Literary Criticism 4.​ Figures of speech -​ The evaluation, analysis, description, or interpretation of literary works Formalism -​ May examine a particular literary work -​ It is what you call the approach in or may look at an author’s writing as a identifying the structure of a poem. whole B.​ Formalism Persona -​ Studying the form of a poem -​ speaker in a poem -​ Involves examining the formal elements of a literary work in order to arrive at its ★ When you make an analysis, you have to meaning justify your claim or point out some lines to -​ For a short story/prose; elements like support your claim. setting, characters, plot, theme, conflict, and point of view are examined A.​ Reader Response -​ For a poem, persona, dramatic situation, -​ Stresses the effect that a work has on a figurative language, form and structure reader and the strategies that can are examined produce the effect -​ Vladimir Propp, a Russian formalist, -​ Interpretation of meaning is assumed to identified thirty-one narrative be an act of reading, making the reader ”functions” or abstract categories for the ultimate authority narrative action among the 100-500 -​ It is about interpreting a piece of tales that he studies. literature not solely on the merits of the -​ Vladimir Propp’s purpose was to focus piece of literature but rather as an on a story’s formal elements or interaction between the reader and the “functions”, and not only the characters piece of literature. or actions in a story. Rhyme scheme The 31 functions are the following: -​ It is based on the rhyming/sound of I. One of the members of a family absents every word at the end of each line himself from home. -​ With rhyme scheme, you can identify II. An interdiction is addressed to the hero. the type of a specific sonnet III. The interdiction is violated IV. The villain makes an attempt at reconnaissance. V. The villain receives information about his XXIV. A false hero presents unfounded victim. claims. VI. The villain attempts to deceive his victim XXV. A difficult task is proposed to the hero. in order to take possession of him or of his XXVI. The task is resolved. belongings. XXVII. The hero is recognized. VII. The victim submits to deception and XXVIII. The false hero or villain is exposed thereby unwittingly helps his enemy. XXIX. The hero is given a new appearance. VIII. The villain causes harm or injury to a XXX. The villain is punished member of a family. XXXXI. The hero is married and ascends the IX. Misfortune or lack is made known; the throne. hero is approached with a request or command; he is allowed to go or he is Intertextuality dispatched. -​ This happens when a work of literature X. The seeker agrees to or decides upon refers to another important work in counteraction. subtle or direct ways. It may be as XI. The hero leaves home. simple as references to another text or XII. The hero is tested, interrogated, the literary themes on that text. attacked, etc., which prepares the way for -​ It’s between and among texts his receiving either a magical agent or -​ A text is connected to another text helper. XIII. The hero reacts to the actions of the C.​ Biographical Criticism future donor. -​ Anything from a text that is connected XIV. The hero acquires the use of a magical to the life of the author agent. -​ Connection between the literary work XV. The hero is transferred, delivered, or led and the life of the author to the whereabouts of an object of search. XVI. The hero and the villain join in direct D.​ Historical Criticism combat. -​ Focuses on a work’s historical content XVII. The hero is branded. and based the interpretations on the XVIII. The villain is defeated. interplay between the text and historical XIX. The initial misfortune or lack is contexts. liquidated. -​ Analyzes the text with an eye to history XX. The hero returns -​ Tend to view history as literature’s XXI. The hero is pursued. background XXII. Rescue of the hero from pursuit. -​ A piece of literature is shaped by the XXIII. The hero, unrecognized, arrives home time period in which it was written and or in another country. thus be examined and interpreted in the context of that time period.  -​ It argues that literature is a product of ★​ There are instances that when writing real social and economic existence biographical criticism, you may overlap -​ It insists that literature must be used to it with historical criticism. challenge class oppression Imagery Marxism -​ Is a clear use of images in text, no other -​ It uses Mao Tse Tung’s idea that meaning, just as it is. literature must answer: WHOM TO SERVE– the working people or the ★​ Blue collar job workers are in masses, HOW TO SERVE– awaken and marganalized class. They are the ones to arouse the masses and impel them to exert more physical strength. While unite and strength to change the white collar job, on the other hand, environment. they are workers who exert more mental strength. WOMAN IN DIFFERENT CULTURES E.​ Marxism 1.​ Arabs -​ Based on the political and economic -​ Among the Arabs, there was much theories of the German philosopher, infanticide (killing of child): girls were Karl Marx. thrown into ditches as soon as born. It is -​ Marxist critics are interested in how the an act of “generosity” on the part of the lower or working classes are oppressed father to accept the female child: a -​ It frames literature within the context of woman gains entrance into such economics and how those affect both societies only through a kind of grace the upper and lower classes bestowed upon her, not legitimately like -​ For Marxists, the ultimate basis of the the male. social relations we experience is the material conditions by which we live; 2.​ Indians Thus, those who have access to material -​ One of the problems that must be faced wealth are also the ones who exercise is what to do with the widows (a woman political power and the capacity to who has lost her spouse by death and produce and enjoy works characteristic has not remarried). The most extreme of the high culture which may include solution is to sacrifice them on the tomb music, paintings, and literary forms. of the husband. -​ The person’s economic base determines the cultures superstructure which he or 3.​ Persians (now are called Iranians) she belongs -​ In Persia, polygamy (practice or custom of having more than one wife or  husband at the same time) was F. Feminism customary, the wife was required to be -​ Can be simplified in the following terms: absolutely obedient to her husband, ​ An end to social injustice chosen for her by her father when she ​ A political movement was of marriageable age. ​ An advocacy for women’s rights -​ Views literature as a means to 4.​ Jews communicate about the feminist -​ Man: “Blessed be God…that He did not experience make me a woman”. -​ Examines social and cultural roles of -​ Woman: “Blessed be the Lord, who women in history as well as in literature created me according to His will”. -​ Views literature through the lens of how it portrays women and sexual 5.​ Greeks differences -​ The Greeks established the custom of -​ Has been dealing with issues on how epiclerate. The female heir must marry women are being oppressed in the the eldest relative in her father’s family; different social realms thus the property left to her by her -​ Feminists have always fought for the father would be passed on the children recognition of equal rights between the belonging to the same group, the sexes domain would remain the property of -​ It’s not about overpowering men the family. -​ You do not blame the woman for what they have done, you will only see their 6.​ Babylonians strengths -​ In the fifth century BC, each Babylonian -​ A literary work highlights the strength of woman was on duty bound once in her a woman; her significant role in the lifetime to yield herself to a stranger in society and her individuality are the temple of Myllita for money which recognized she contributed to the wealth of the -​ Whatever the woman will do, you will temple. not condemn her 7.​ Egyptians TAKE NOTE: -​ It was in Egypt that women enjoyed ★ Make sure to read the Sonnet 307 on p. mosy favorable conditions. The goddess 140 as it may be included in our exams. mothers retained their prestige in ★ Make sure to also read Psalm 1 on page becoming wives; the couple was the 6 religion and social unit; woman seemed ★​ Read page 277, the purple boxes about to be allied and complementary to man. formalism and new historicism. ★​ Read the following stories: english stories Q3