Cell Organelles PDF

Cell Organelles Cell Organelles ​ Nucleus: 2 parts ○​ Nucleolus: condensed region in the nucleus (includes genetic information) ​ Vesicle: helps transport ​ Nucleus ○​ Largest organelle in the eukaryotic cells ○​ Control center of the cell ○​ C...

Cell Organelles Cell Organelles ​ Nucleus: 2 parts ○​ Nucleolus: condensed region in the nucleus (includes genetic information) ​ Vesicle: helps transport ​ Nucleus ○​ Largest organelle in the eukaryotic cells ○​ Control center of the cell ○​ Contains DNA scattered throughout as chromatin ​ 2 membranes surrounding the nucleus: ○​ Outer bilayer continues into the endoplasmic reticulum ○​ Inner bilayer defines the nucleus ​ Nuclear pores are found on the membrane ○​ Regulate movements of material between nucleus and cytoplasm ​ Nucleolus ○​ Condensed area of chromatin in the nucleus ○​ Synthesizes: ribosome parts ○​ These travel through the nuclear pores into the cytosol ​ Chromosomes ○​ Linear structures composed of DNA molecules ​ Cytoplasm: gel-like material ○​ Found between nucleus and cell membrane ○​ Consists: ​ Mostly of water ​ Many organelles ​ Protein-rich ​ Enzymes → biological catalysts ○​ Creates the chemical environment in which the other cells structure function ​ Ribosomes: ○​ Free ribosomes in the cytoplasm ○​ Ribosomes can also be attached to the ER making it ‘rough’ endoplasmic reticulum ○​ Function: produces proteins ○​ Ribosomes attached to the ER produces proteins move into the ER ​ Endoplasmic Reticulum ○​ System of channels made of 2 layers of membranes ○​ Smooth ER and rough ER ○​ Function: acts as a framework to support the cell ○​ Transport materials to different parts of the cell ​ Golgi Apparatus or Golgi Complex ○​ Series of flattened saucer shape sacs ○​ Located near the nucleus  ○​ Function: packages useful nutrients and secretes them outside the cell for use elsewhere in the organism ​ Lysosomes ○​ Structure: special vesicle formed from the golgi apparatus ○​ Function: transports cellular digestive enzymes safely through the cytoplasm ○​ degrades: ​ Worn out cellular components ​ Foreign molecules ​ Mitochondria ○​ Function: responsible for producing energy for the cell ○​ ‘Power plant’ of the cell ○​ They replicate themselves by dividing down the middle to create 2 daughter mitochondria ○​ Structure: ​ Contains 2 membranes with inner folds ​ Round / oval shape ​ Chloroplast ○​ Structure and function: ○​ Surrounded by 2 membranes: outer and inner membranes ○​ Internal system of membrane bound sacs called Thylakoids ​ Thylakoids are flattened to form discs ​ Contains the pigment chlorophyll (gives green color and absorbs solar energy to carry out photosynthesis) ​ Cell Wall ○​ Found in plants, fungal cells, some single celled eukaryotes ○​ Structure: consists of cellulose fibers ○​ Found outside the plasma membrane (cell membrane) ○​ Function: adds strength and rigidity to the cell → protects the cell ​ Cell membrane ○​ Structure: semi-permeable ○​ Outermost part of an animal cell ○​ Inside the cell wall of plants ○​ Function: ○​ Encloses the cell contents from surroundings ○​ Controls materials going in and out of the cell (nutrients and waste)