Cell Organelles Quiz

Cell Organelles

• Nucleus:

  • Two parts: Nucleolus and Nucleus
  • Largest organelle in eukaryotic cells
  • Control center of the cell
  • Contains DNA as chromatin
  • Surrounded by two membranes (outer and inner)
  • Outer membrane connects to the endoplasmic reticulum
  • Inner membrane defines the nucleus
  • Nuclear pores regulate the movement of materials
  • Nucleolus: dense region within the nucleus involved in ribosome synthesis
  • Synthesizes ribosome parts

• Ribosomes:

  • Found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
  • Produce proteins
  • Ribosomes attached to the ER produce proteins that enter the endoplasmic reticulum

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

  • System of channels (membranes)
  • Supports cell structure
  • Smooth ER and rough ER
  • Smooth ER: lacks ribosomes, involved in lipid synthesis
  • Rough ER: studded with ribosomes, involved in protein production and modification

• Golgi Apparatus:

  • Series of flattened sacs
  • Located near the nucleus
  • Packages and secretes proteins
  • Involved in transporting and modifying proteins

• Mitochondria:

  • "Power plant" of the cell
  • Double membrane
  • Responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration
  • Two membranes (inner and outer) with folds (cristae)
  • Replicate themselves by splitting down the middle

• Lysosomes:

  • Vesicles containing digestive enzymes
  • Break down worn-out cellular components
  • Break down foreign molecules

• Cytoplasm:

  • Gel-like substance
  • Found between the nucleus and the cell membrane
  • Mostly water and contains many organelles

• Chloroplasts (Plant Cells):

  • Found in plant cells
  • Double membrane
  • Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
  • Thylakoids are flattened discs in the inner membrane

• Cell Wall (Plant Cells):

  • Outermost layer found in plant cells
  • Provides strength and support.
  • Composed of cellulose fibers.

• Cell Membrane:

  • Encloses the cell's contents
  • Semi-permeable: Controls what enters and exits the cell
  • Outermost layer in animal cells
  • Found inside plant cell walls

Test your knowledge about the various organelles present in eukaryotic cells, focusing on their structure and functions. This quiz covers key components such as the nucleus, ribosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. Perfect for students learning cellular biology.