Foundations of Historical Globalization PDF

Foundations of Historical Globalization Gold - Mercantilism -> Capitalism Industrial Revolution Glory - Imperialism (Colonialism) God - Eurocentrism God, Eurocentrism Belief in the superiority of Europe and Europeans over all other people Social Darwinism Charles Darwin - the man who came up w...

Foundations of Historical Globalization Gold - Mercantilism -> Capitalism Industrial Revolution Glory - Imperialism (Colonialism) God - Eurocentrism God, Eurocentrism Belief in the superiority of Europe and Europeans over all other people Social Darwinism Charles Darwin - the man who came up with the theory of evalution - Survival of the fittest Theory of evolution was used as a model of socity The list of highest evolution to lowest European Asians First Nations Africans Lighter = Intelligence, educated, superiority, civilized Darker = Less intelligent, savage, inferior, uncivilized The White Mans Burden -Send the first born sons to the new world to rule over the captives who they think of uneducated and evil -The reward is haterd and blame -"Why did you bring us from home, and make us slaves?" How does Eurocentrism contribute to historical globalization? Europeans felt superior to all other cultures Had a right to rule Had a RESPONSIBILITY to rule -> White Mans Burden So the Europeans believed they had a responsibility to take over the world to help civilize its people Results in more colonies, connections and dependence, which makes more globalization Gold, Mercantilism -> Capitalism Government controlled trade with its colonies through companies - HBC, East India Trading Company, ect Mercantilism is expensive - King needs military ($$$) forts ($$$) and governors ($$$) to protect his companies Adam Smith proposes capitalism - Free trade by private companies instead of crown companies - King can just collect money from taxes Capitalism An economic system characterized by a free market, open competition, and private ownership of the production and consumption of goods Elements - supply and demand - Individualism - Consumerism - Free trade - Adam Smith - Wealth of Nations How does Capitalism contribute to historical globalization? Gets rid of mercantilism - government controlled trade Capitalists (new business owners) need more trade to make more money More trades means more colonies, raw materials, and more connections and dependence Glory, Imperialism (Empire building) Nations engage in imperialism for a variety of reasons - Economic, political, social, cultral, humanitarian, religious, and educational persuits The expansion of empires by European nations led to cultrual diffusion Competition often occurred among the imperialist powers Language & population changes became legacies The age of imperialism consisted of two main eras- OLD imperialism of the 15th - 17th centuries NEW (modern) imperialism of the 18th - 20th centuries MODERN IMPERIALISM motives: Industrialization created a shortage of raw materials, therefore requiring the search for new resources to replace those being used at home Conqured colonies would provide a valuable market for the new items produced in the factories A new sense of nationalism created a demand, from the people, for increasing the nation-state's international power and prestige Bourgeoisie: Merchants, factory owners, pushing for expanded Globalizartion Great Britain, since industrialization occured first there, had the largest empire by 1880 (20% of the worlds population, and 25% of the worlds land mass) - It was proudly proclaimed: NEW PLAYERS The new country of Germany is formed in 1871 - They want "a place in the sun" -- colonies - Africa is the last remaining uncinquered territory Berlin Conference of 1885 - European countries meet Berlin to divided up - In 1870, only 10% of Africa was under European control; - 1914 it has increased to 90% of the continent WHY AFRICA? Africa was the last uncivilized continent - White mans burden to assist Africa - Europe would end slavery - Would bring civilization Consequences - Leopold II (pg 141)