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Questions and Answers
What ideology justifies European superiority over other cultures during historical globalization?
Which economic system emphasizes free market and private ownership as key characteristics?
How did the concept of the 'White Man's Burden' relate to imperialism?
What was a major drawback of the mercantilist system as presented in the context of historical globalization?
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Which of the following elements is NOT characteristic of capitalism?
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What was a major motive for modern imperialism in the 18th to 20th centuries?
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What significant event took place in 1885 related to European imperialism in Africa?
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Which European nation had the largest empire by 1880?
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What concept did the phrase 'the white man’s burden' refer to in the context of imperialism?
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What was a significant legacy of European imperialism in Africa?
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Study Notes
God, Eurocentrism
- Belief in superiority of European culture over all others
- Social Darwinism used Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution to explain societal hierarchy
- Europeans believed they were the most evolved, followed by Asians, First Nations, and Africans
- This belief was used to justify colonialism and the "White Man's Burden"
Gold, Mercantilism -> Capitalism
- Mercantilism was a system of government-controlled trade with colonies
- Mercantilism was expensive, requiring funding for military, forts, and governors
- Adam Smith proposed capitalism, a system of free trade by private companies
- Capitalism is characterized by a free market, open competition, and private ownership
- Key elements of Capitalism: supply and demand, individualism, consumerism, and free trade
Glory, Imperialism
- Imperialism is the expansion of empires by European nations
- Motives for imperialism include economic, political, social, cultural, humanitarian, religious, and educational pursuits
- European imperialism led to cultural diffusion and competition among imperial powers
- The age of imperialism consisted of two periods: Old Imperialism (15th-17th centuries) and Modern Imperialism (18th-20th centuries)
- Modern imperialism was driven by industrialization, which created a need for new resources and markets
- Nationalism also fueled the desire for increased national power and prestige
- The bourgeoisie, merchants and factory owners, were key players in pushing for expanded globalization
- Great Britain had the largest empire by 1880, encompassing 20% of the world's population and 25% of the landmass
- Germany emerged as a new player in imperialism, seeking "a place in the sun" through colonization
- The Berlin Conference of 1885 saw European countries carve up Africa, which was viewed as the last uncivilized continent
- The White Man's Burden was used to justify colonial rule in Africa, with promises of civilizing and ending slavery
- The consequences of colonialism included the brutal exploitation of African resources and people, as exemplified by Leopold II's reign in the Congo
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Description
Explore the intertwined concepts of God, Eurocentrism, and imperialism that shaped European colonial expansion. Delve into how beliefs of superiority justified colonial practices and the transition from mercantilism to capitalism. Understand the motives behind imperialism and its impact on societies worldwide.
